Revista de Economía del Caribe

Relationships between economic theory variables and mathematical instruments for assessing competition conditions and market power

Jacques Lartigue-Mendoza — 2024-09-05

The sole existence of a market does not guarantee the maximum level of efficiency and social welfare it can provide through a competitive structure. As a result, a set of theoretical relationships and mathematical instruments have been developed to measure how far existing markets are from being competitive; as well as how much power firms have for setting prices and earn more than they would do in competitive markets. In this line, the current paper discusses and integrates diverse theoretical relationships and mathematical instruments underlying the assessment of competition conditions and market power and exhibits how the estimation of these instruments can be simplified to require only two variables: market shares and the price elasticity of demand.

Currency and Banking in Antioquia – Colombia – Late 19th Century

Fernando Salazar Silva — 2024-09-05

This article approaches some elaborations on the historical development process of the monetary and banking scenario of the Province of Antioquia at the end of the 19th century. It goes through the places of monetary scarcity, currency issuance, and the complicated networks of individual capitalists, which would mark the path of monetary and banking policy.

In this highly abstract exposition, understanding currency and banking in the case in question, beyond its functional character, helps to focus on tendencies as constitutive of social bonds. This immediately refers to the relationship between the issuance of private banknotes and the fiscal banknote. This does not arise suddenly but corresponds to a process of historical transformation of social production.

Brazilian migratory dynamics: a review of empirical literature in the light of classical, neoclassical, and structuration theories of migration

Joice Pereira de Souza — 2024-09-05

In recent decades, Brazil has undergone marked changes in flows, volumes, and peculiarities of migratory movements, moving from predominantly rural to a country where most individuals live in urban areas. Therefore, this article aims to develop an approach to an economic theory about the socioeconomic and demographic determinants that boosted migratory flows in Brazil, especially after the 1950s. A literature review based on the classical, neoclassical, and structuralist theories that significantly influenced the analysis of internal migration. It was found that the main reason for controlling population displacement is the search for better working conditions, especially with higher income than those earned in the region of origin. However, in some countries, migrations are motivated by catastrophes, wars, and religious persecution, among other reasons.

Accounting practices: an exploration of the financial knowledge of family businesses in the canton of La Maná, Ecuador

Rosa Marjorie Torres Briones — 2024-09-05

The significant effects of poor accounting on family businesses motivated this research. Therefore, the objective of the study was to analyze the level of financial knowledge in the accounting practices of family businesses in La Maná canton, through exploratory factor analysis. The methodology used had a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design in the evaluation of accounting practices and financial knowledge. For this purpose, a probabilistic sampling was applied with a confidence level of 95% and an error level of 5%, which resulted in a sample of 191 undertakings for the development of surveys and research. The relational result of the construct variables was very acceptable (KMO = 0.782); this result denoted a solid sampling adequacy to carry out an exploratory factor analysis. Consequently, the analysis revealed that the first three components explain 81% of the total variance in the response of the ventures. Finally, it was concluded that tax knowledge, together with other elements, significantly improves the understanding of accounting practices and financial knowledge. For this reason, it was demonstrated that family businesses in La Maná canton have a moderate level (Rho = 0.600) of financial knowledge in these areas.

The Third Lost Decade of the Brazilian Economy: The Years 2010 to 2019

José Alderir Silva — 2024-09-05

The Brazilian economy has two periods considered lost in terms of economic growth and other social indicators. The first one is the 1980s, during which the country had to deal with external debt, hyperinflation, income inequality, and various stabilization plans that were unsuccessful. The 1990s continued the challenges of the previous decade, and despite the success of the Real Plan, it is also known in the literature as the second lost decade due to low growth, high unemployment, and worsening income inequality. In the 2010s, the average growth rate of the Brazilian economy was lower than that of the 1980s and 1990s, which raises the question of whether the 2010s can be characterized as the third lost decade. Therefore, addressing this question is the objective of this article.

Tax Effects on Micro and Small Craft Enterprises (A Systematic Review)

Ronald Prado Ramos — 2024-09-05

The department of Ayacucho, Peru, is among the departments with the highest number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) dedicated to handicrafts. It is also a region with high productive units and a significant portion of the economically active population being informal. This leads to tax evasion by companies and constrains both the local and national economy. The aim of this study is to understand the tax effects on artisanal SMEs. The methodology is qualitative, descriptive, and explanatory, and follows the PRISMA statement. The databases consulted for the review were SciELO, Scopus, Google Scholar, Dialnet, and Redalyc. The results yielded 21 investigations, including scientific articles, reviews, and theses. The study concludes that tax collection not only improves the local and national economy but also provides SMEs with facilities and opportunities for international market growth. However, tax evasion and informality are due to the entrepreneurs’ lack of knowledge about the advantages of formalization, the lack of distribution by the Peruvian state, the cumbersome bureaucratic procedures involved in formalization, and the illusory perspective that evading taxes generates greater profitability in the company.

Economic consolidation of an industrial region south of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico

Maximiliano Gracia Hernández — 2024-09-05

Micro-region XVI is a territory located in the south of Hidalgo State. Present large economic imbalances, but at the same time show important competitive advantages that, well used, could detonate a development pole with multiple benefits for citizens and enterprises.

The objective of the research is to detect the productive activities with the greatest economic potential in the micro-region XVI; to achieve this, a methodology with a quantitative approach is developed. This allows building a balanced work in which indicators; statistics and relevant data are contemplated. The methodology uses panel data for the year 2004 to 2019.