Memorias

Felipe Álvarez, Nicolás Astudillo, Paul Flores, Renato Galleguillos, Diego Guerra y Salvador Moreno. Temporada de pingüinos. La generación del Mochilazo 2001

Christian Matamoros — Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

El libro Temporada de pingüinos es resultado del trabajo del taller patrimonial del Liceo de Aplicación, un establecimiento tradicional de enseñanza media de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. El taller está conformado por estudiantes del Liceo y fue fundado en 2015 por la profesora de historia Soledad Aguayo y en la actualidad es dirigido por el profesor Roberto Rojas. La publicación ha sido precedida por otros textos breves aparecidos en la misma editorial (El martirologio del profesor Zañartu, 2018; “De la evasión al estallido social”, 2021; Martirologio del Liceo de Aplicación durante la dictadura civil-militar, 2023), lo que da cuenta de un prolífico trabajo en poco tiempo.

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Anette Cuenca — Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Publicado en 2025 en su versión electrónica en el portal del Instituto Nacional de Estudios Históricos de las Revoluciones de México, Los movimientos estudiantiles en México: Reflexiones sobre su potencia transformadora ofrece una mirada crítica y panorámica sobre las luchas estudiantiles surgidas en torno a demandas educativas y políticas. Este libro es un documento sustancial que sirve, por un lado, como material de consulta para entender y analizar la historia mexicana de los siglos XX y XXI respecto a las causas estudiantiles y, por otro, como forma de preservación de las memorias de aquellos que participaron en estos movimientos.

Andrea Morales Méndez (coordinadora) De la Escuela Normal a la Universidad Nacional. Memorias del movimiento estudiantil (Heredia, Costa Rica: EUNA, 2024).

Isaac Carrasco — Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

La presente reseña versa sobre el movimiento estudiantil costarricense de 1970.
El trabajo aquí coordinado por Andrea Morales Méndez es un importante aporte a la historiografía latinoamericana de los movimientos estudiantiles en el que, a través de la historia oral, recoge los principales aportes que el movimiento en sí mismo dio a la educación y sociedad en general, los avances que consiguieron en materia educativa para la misma UNA, así como para otras entidades del país.
También es una ventana que permite observar las disputas, confrontaciones y negociaciones que el movimiento estudiantil tuvo en su proceso y la manera en que sortearon los dirigentes estas coyunturas para consolidar el proyecto de una universidad con futuro solidario y horizontal.

Luis Trejos Rosero, Ángel Tuirán Sarmiento y Emely Villa Carpentier. Territorios, capacidades administrativas y paz total en el Caribe colombiano: el caso de las negociaciones con el ELN

Alejandro Blanco Zuñiga — Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

El libro Territorios, capacidades administrativas y paz total en el Caribe colombiano: el caso de las negociaciones con el ELN, de los profesores e investigadores Luis Trejos Rosero, Ángel Tuirán Sarmiento y la politóloga Emely Villa Carpentier, aborda uno de los fenómenos (dada su naturaleza) más complejos de cara a la construcción de paz en Colombia, es decir, la relación que fluye entre un grupo armado de larga data –el Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN)– y las administraciones locales circunscritas en los territorios históricamente afectados por las dinámicas de las violencia que emanan de esta organización guerrillera. El hilo conductor es la manera como la capacidad institucional, conjugada con el ámbito administrativo de los entes subnacionales (alcaldías y gobernaciones), determina, en gran medida, posibles eficacias o fracasos en lo que se refiere a políticas de paz impulsadas desde el Gobierno nacional.

Beyond education: the diversification demands of the Chilean student movement in times of crisis

Camila Ponce Lara — Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article explores the recent cycle of the Chilean student movement within the post-pandemic landscape, following the mass mobilizations of the 2019 social uprising and the Feminist May protests. While the current student movement continues its longstanding fight for free, quality education, it faces new challenges in a context marked by broader social demands, including gender equality, environmental
justice, and the drafting of a new constitution. Additionally, the presence of a government led by
former student leaders creates tensions that complicate mobilization efforts, especially in a setting of
low student engagement that contributes to fragmentation. This analysis employs qualitative methodologies,
drawing on secondary sources such as press articles, social media accounts of organizations, and
academic publications, to examine contemporary dynamics —from political tensions to the movement’s engagement with international solidarity causes, such as the “Camp for Palestine”. The article concludes with reflections on the movement’s prospects and its efforts to remain relevant and influential within Chile’s evolving political and social landscape.

When the neighborhood enters the official archive: the recovery of the photographic collection of sister elfride

ADOLFO BALTAR-MORENO, CIELO PATRICIA PUELLO-SARABIA, Lázaro Valdelamar-Sarabia — Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

An experience of recovery of a personal photographic archive in the city of Cartagena de Indias is presented, based on the discovery of a set of albums belonging to the Austrian missionary Elfride Jagersberger. The recovered albums contain photographs recorded between 1966 and 2012 in various peripheral sectors that emerged as a result of the armed conflict. Documentary research and participatory action research (PAR) are combined in the Nelson Mandela neighborhood, an informal settlement built in 1994 by peasant families displaced by violence. As a result of the process, a photographic collection was formally incorporated into the Cartagena de Indias Historical Photo Library. The work reflects on the role of community and personal photographic archives as devices to think critically about the city, and evidences the usefulness of vernacular photography to develop community memory processes in vulnerable contexts, pointing out its value as historical and cultural heritage of a territory.

The origins and transformations of the Castle of San Lorenzo el Real de Chagres, Panama (16th to 18th centuries)

Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Between 2022 and 2024, a research project was conducted using historical, geophysical, and archaeological approaches at the Castillo de San Lorenzo el Real de Chagres, an 18th-century Spanish fortress at the mouth of the Chagres River in Panama. The study revealed that the current structure is the fourth iteration of the fortress. For the first time, historical and archaeological data detailing the constructive evolution of the castle are presented. No remains of the first castle exist, as they were destroyed by the sea, but descriptions of the second fortress, which was taken and razed by Henry Morgan, have been compiled and analyzed. Excavations and geophysical surveys uncovered remains of the third castle beneath fill laid out for the construction of the current fortress. Additionally, previously unpublished documents on the evolution of the third version are reviewed, and it was found that the moat of the second castle was reused in later fortifications up to the present, making it one of the oldest structures from Panama‘s Colonial period.

Ampliando miradas sobre los movimientos estudiantiles latinoamericanos: activismos no universitarios en el siglo XXI

Nicolás Alberto Dip, Marina Larrondo — Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Desde el siglo pasado, las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas han subrayado que los movimientos estudiantiles son un actor relevante en las sociedades de nuestra región, discutiendo sus espacios educativos en conexión con problemáticas políticas y sociales más amplias. En la actualidad, el campo de estudio en torno a esos sectores es un ámbito con constantes controversias, tanto teóricas como empíricas, que está en permanente dinamismo. Un ejemplo elocuente de este presente son las discusiones suscitadas en torno a las temporalidades más abordadas en las investigaciones. En las últimas décadas, diversas intervenciones han cuestionado la excesiva atención dada a la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 y a los movimientos de protesta de 1968. De esta manera, se han propuesto más estudios sobre experiencias que ocurren en distintos momentos de la centuria pasada e incluso se ampliaron las temporalidades para abarcar siglos como el XIX y el XXI (Larrondo, 2019;Dip, 2022; Toro Blanco et al., 2024; Pulido García, 2024).

Experiences of autonomy and democracy in student unions

Nataliê Andiara Be Cardoso — Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article presents the principles behind the formation of student unions in the Florianópolis Municipal Education System, based on the political education of students in primary school, contextualizes the Student Unions Encounters and reflects on these experiences based on student narratives. Libertarian pedagogy is used as a theoretical reference to problematize bourgeois society and the role of the school in the face of authoritarianism, the hierarchy of knowledge and bureaucratization as facets of control of the capitalist system. This discussion places the public school as a place that needs to embrace the criticisms of schooling and move forward as a space of possibilities. These experiences reveal important effects on students' individual and collective journeys and their educational nature is undoubted. The narratives show that the lessons learned go beyond discourses and theories; they highlight dialogic learning and collective decision-making, which act as rehearsals for transforming the school context.

Coming to stay? The emergence of the right wing in the secondary student movement in Argentina (2020-2024)

Marina Larrondo — Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper analyzes the changes and continuities in the secondary student movement in recent Argentina, and shows how the rise of the radical right wing has transformed youth politics and impacted the formation of groups with new identities, demands and frameworks of collective action. More precisely, it analyzes what happened to the student´s organizations and their ways of constructing meaning of
education, the student political subjectivities and youth political identities. In order to do this, the journey
of two organizations are studied: the Organized Students group (non-partisan but with a certain
center-right wing orientation) and La Libertad Avanza (radical right wing) during the period 2020-2024
in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area. Methodological approach: A content analysis is carried out based on interviews with militants and is combined with bibliographic and documentary analysis.

“If they don´t let us go to school, we will build our own”: student political experiences of the Dreamer movement

Carolina Aguilar Román — Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

I analyze the Dreamer movement as a non-university student movement in a novel way, with Latin American perspectives. These young, undocumented migrants arrived in the United States as children and were named after the proposed Dream Act. As a theoretical framework, I used social movements and a feminist epistemology to study them. The categories I recover are massification, differentiation, identity, participation, and alliance; as well as crimmigration and legal violence. In addition, I methodologically conducted a literature review with a hermeneutic analysis. Thus, I argue that the Dreamers began as a student movement that later transformed into a migrant struggle that recognizes the intersection of their multiple marginalized oppressions. Finally, I emphasize the context of crimmigration in which their activism emerged; the legal violence against access to higher education; and student political experiences from a feminist perspective.

The world we had and the world we wanted. Keys for revisiting Jóvenes en Resistencia Alternativa (JRA), its horizontality, and its urban autonomous project

Mina Lorena Navarro Trujillo, Carlos Federico Piñeyro Nelson — Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Jóvenes en Resistencia Alternativa (JRA) was a student-political organization in Mexico City that existed
between 2003 and 2019 and was not usually acknowledged by the Mexican Left. Having Neo-zapatism
and Argentine autonomism as sources of inspiration, JRA articulated a significant number of university
students to non-electoral activism, both outside and within the universities from which most of its
members studied. JRA developed political education for its members and others, stood in solidarity with
other struggles in Mexico, and tried to generate various self-managed projects, such as a book press, a
people’s education seminar, a neighborhood-based project in the east of Mexico City, as well as political
and cultural activities. This article, written by two members of this organization, will tell us the history
of this collective and a critical account of its urban autonomous project and its horizontal and decisionmaking
dynamics. The research is based on the autoethnography made by the authors as

Politics in secondary school in Buenos Aires City (Argentina). Tensions and conflicts around the “new right” and the gender agenda

Pedro Nuñez, Matías Manelli, Estefanía Otero — Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article studies the perceptions of secondary school students about the forms of participation in the
City of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The text explores two intertwined issues: youth demands linked to
gender issues and the rise of positions related to what literature calls the “new right” or the libertarian
right. The approach for accounting for the notions about the place of school devices that promote participatory
dynamics, as well as about the changes in the secondary student movement that have occurred
in the 40 years of democracy in the country. The text seeks to be a contribution to the reflection on the
closeness –or distances– between school and youth narratives. The findings are part of the fieldwork
carried out in secondary schools in the City of Buenos Aires by the Group Study Ciudadanía, Transición
Educativa y Convivencia (GECITEC), Programa Políticas, Lenguajes y Subjetividades (PLYSE), Education
Area of FLACSO ARGENTINA from August to December 2023, which consisted of the organization of
focus groups and interviews.