Edadismo en el trabajo: análisis de escalas de medición para los trabajadores mayores en América Latina.
Palabras clave:
Edadismo, Discriminación , Escala, América Latina, Lugar de trabajoResumen
El envejecimiento poblacional en América Latina ha impulsado el aumento de la discriminación por edad o edadismo, un fenómeno que abarca creencias, afectos y comportamientos en diversos niveles de expresión. La literatura da cuenta del desarrollo de numerosas escalas que se centran únicamente en ciertos niveles o dimensiones, sin abordar su complejidad intrínseca. Ante esta situación, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar las escalas disponibles para su medición, con especial atención a su aplicación en contextos laborales, adaptación e implementación al contexto latinoamericano y su capacidad para realizar evaluaciones multidimensionales y multinivel. Para ello, se realizó un análisis de estudios previos centrados en la medición del edadismo en el que se identifican 24 escalas, las cuales fueron analizadas en función de su contenido (dimensiones y niveles) y propiedades psicométricas. Como resultado, se destaca la escasez de instrumentos multidimensionales y multinivel, así como la falta de herramientas adaptadas al contexto laboral en la región. Este análisis es crucial para enfrentar el edadismo en el trabajo, mejorar la gestión de la inclusión y la diversidad organizacional, e informar políticas públicas eficaces.
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