Self-regulatory processes in secondary school teachers during online classes by covid-19

Main Article Content

Fabiola Sáez-Delgado
Constanza Manriquez
Yaranay López- Angulo
Javier Mella-Norambuena
Carolina Contreras-Saavedra

Abstract

The aim of this research was to analyze the self-regulatory processes in teachers during online classes in the covid-19 pandemic time. A quantitative approach and a cross-sectional descriptive-correlational design were used. Eighty-four secondary school teachers of Special Education whose average age was 30 years participated. The scale of teachers' self-regulatory processes, which was validated in the target sample, was used. The results obtained from the application of the instrument showed that the teachers agreed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, when they prepare the classes they consider the characteristics of their students, they participate in the classes with enthusiasm, their goal as teachers is to improve their students' learning, they self-manage to use time effectively, and at the end of the class, they try to determine whether they have achieved their objectives or not. It was also evidenced that the older the teachers are, the more they have control over their emotions and deploy strategies to seek help when they need it. In conclusion, it is evident that the self-regulatory processes of secondary school teachers of the specialty of Special Education during the pandemic have been deployed in their teaching practice, as well as the sociodemographic variables, both sex and age, are significant in explaining the levels of self-regulation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Section
Artículo de investigación
Author Biographies

Fabiola Sáez-Delgado, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción

Academic researcher of the Faculty of Education and Deputy Director of the Center for Research in Education and Development of the University Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Chile. Head of the Master's program in Education Sciences at UCSC. Professor, Licentiate in Education, Master in Education and PhD in Psychology from the University of Concepción, Chile.  Her line of research is the motivational cognitive variables of teaching and learning processes; also the variables of mental health in educational communities. Chair in the Doctoral Program in Education at UCSC on Research in Education and Quantitative Data Analysis using R statistical software. She has specialized in systematic literature reviews, psychometrics and analysis of predictive and explanatory models in Education. Member of the International Research Group Society, Education and Psychology (GISEP).

Constanza Manriquez, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción

Magíster en Psicopedagogía y Educación Especial por la Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción. Con interés en los temas como la autorregulación de los aprendizajes bajo las Políticas Educativas, Métodos de enseñanza y Educación especial.

Yaranay López- Angulo, Universidad de Concepción

Psychologist, Master in Educational Psychology and PhD in Psychology. Academic and researcher at the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. Research interests: cognitive-motivational variables related to the teaching-learning process and university dropout, motivation, cognitive and emotional regulation. Professor of the following courses: Educational Psychology, Developmental Psychology, and Methodology. She has specialized in psychometrics and analysis of predictive and explanatory models for the study of behavior.

Javier Mella-Norambuena, USM

Professor of the Science Department of the Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Concepción, Chile. He is a professor, Bachelor in Education and Master in Health Psychology from the Universidad de Concepción, Chile. He is currently pursuing doctoral studies in the Doctoral Program in Education at the Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Chile. Her research interests are cognitive-motivational variables in teaching and learning processes; and mental health variables in educational communities. She has specialized in systematic literature reviews, research methodology, and quantitative data analysis with SPSS, RStudio and Python software. Member of the International Research Group Society, Education and Psychology (GISEP).

Carolina Contreras-Saavedra, UCSC

Language and Communication Teacher graduated in 2007. She obtained her Master's degree in Educational Sciences with a mention in learning assessment with maximum distinction in 2021 from the Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción. For these graduate studies she has the support of CONICYT by winning the by winning the Beca para profesionales de la educación. She is currently a doctoral candidate in Educational Sciences at Consorcio de la Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción. She researches self-regulation of learning and socioemotional competencies of secondary school students.

References

Referencias

Andrade-Rivera, G. E. (2021). Cómo ha sido el proceso de inclusión en la educación durante este tiempo de pandemia con los estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales, (vinculadas o no a la discapacidad) y con sus familias en el Sector de San José de Morán en la Ciudad de Quito-Ecuador. Dominio de las Ciencias, 7(2), 1088. https://doi.org/10.23857/dc.v7i2.1848

Ato, M., López, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038-1059. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511

Ávila-Arcentales, K. V. (2021). Detección de necesidades educativas especiales en estudiantes del nivel elemental. [Tesis de Maestría en Educación, Mención en educación y creatividad, Universidad San Gregorio ]. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo. http://repositorio.sangregorio.edu.ec:8080/handle/123456789/2373

Baylor, A., Kitsantas, A., & Chung, H. (2001). The Instructional Planning Self-Reflective Tool: A Method for Promoting Effective Lesson Planning. Educational Technology, 41(2), 56-59. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44428661

Baylor, A., Kitsantas, A., & Hu, H. (2003). Two tools to facilitate pre-service teachers’ self-regulation during instructional planning. TechTrends, 47(2), 45-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02763425

Butler, R. (2007). Teachers’ achievement goal orientations and associations with teachers’ help seeking: Examination of a novel approach to teacher motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 241-252. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.99.2.241

Capa?Aydin, Y., Sungur, S., & Uzuntiryaki, E. (2009). Teacher self?regulation: Examining a multidimensional construct. Educational Psychology, 29(3), 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410902927825

De Smul, M., Heirweg, S., Van Keer, H., Devos, G., & Vandevelde, S. (2018). How competent do teachers feel instructing self-regulated learning strategies? Development and validation of the teacher self-efficacy scale to implement self-regulated learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 71, 214-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.01.001

Dignath-van Ewijk, C., & van der Werf, G. (2012). What Teachers Think about Self-Regulated Learning: Investigating Teacher Beliefs and Teacher Behavior of Enhancing Students’ Self-Regulation. Education Research International, 2012, e741713. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/741713

Duzhin, F., & Gustafsson, A. (2018). Machine Learning-Based App for Self-Evaluation of Teacher-Specific Instructional Style and Tools. Education Sciences, 8(1), Art. 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8010007

Ergul, C., Baydik, B., & Demir, S. (2013). Opinions of In-Service and Pre-Service Special Education Teachers on the Competencies of the Undergraduate Special Education Programs. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(1), 518-522. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1016666

Fox, J., & Weisberg, S. (2018). An R Companion to Applied Regression (THIRD EDITION). SAGE Publications, Inc. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/an-r-companion-to-applied-regression/book246125

García-Martín, M. (2012). La Autorregulación Académica Como Variable Explicativa De Los Procesos De Aprendizaje Universitario. Profesorado. Revista de Currículum y Formación de Profesorado, 16(1), 203-221. https://www.ugr.es/~recfpro/rev161ART12.pdf

Godoy Rojas, I. A., & Sánchez Moreno, M. (2021). Estudio sobre la inteligencia emocional en educación primaria. Revista Fuentes, 23(2), Art. 2. https://doi.org/10.12795/revistafuentes.2021.12108

Hollander, M., & Wolfe, D. (1999). Nonparametric Statistical Methods, Solutions Manual, 2nd Edition | Wiley (2.a ed.). https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Nonparametric+Statistical+Methods%2C+Solutions+Manual%2C+2nd+Edition-p-9780471329862

Hué-García, C. (2012). Bienestar docente y pensamiento emocional. Revista Fuentes, 12, Art. 12. https://revistascientificas.us.es/index.php/fuentes/article/view/2467

Hunter, W. C., Elswick, S. E., & Casey, L. B. (2018). Efficient Wraparound Service Model for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: A Collaborative Model for School Social Workers and Teachers. Children & Schools, 40(1), 59-61. https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cdx030

Karimi, M. N., & Fallah, N. (2021). Academic burnout, shame, intrinsic motivation and teacher affective support among Iranian EFL learners: A structural equation modeling approach. Current Psychology, 40(4), 2026-2037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-0138-2

Leon-Ron, V., Saez, F. M., Mella, J. A., Posso-Yepez, M., Ramos, C. A., & Lobos, K. A. (2020). Revisión sistemática sobre instrumentos de autorregulación del aprendizaje diseñados para estudiantes. Revista ESPACIOS, 41(11). https://www.revistaespacios.com/a20v41n11/20411129.html

Liam, B., Kristiawan, M., Primasari, D. A. G., & Prasetyo, M. A. M. (2020). Teachers’ Model In Building Students’ Character. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(14), 927-932. http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.14.165

Lim, H. S., & Shin, S. Y. (2021). Effect of Learning Goal Orientation on Performance: Role of Task Variety as a Moderator. Journal of Business and Psychology, 36(5), 871-881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-020-09705-4

Lozano-Peña, G., Sáez-Delgado, F., López-Angulo, Y., & Mella-Norambuena, J. (2021). Teachers’ Social–Emotional Competence: History, Concept, Models, Instruments, and Recommendations for Educational Quality. Sustainability, 13(21), Art. 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112142

MacIntyre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020). Language teachers’ coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions. System, 94, 102352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102352

Medina Andrade, J., Elgueta Ferrada, S., Gaete Vargas, Y., & Toro Zúñiga, C. T. (2020). Inserción y adaptación laboral del profesor novel de educación diferencial. Revista Educación Las Américas, 10(1), Art. 1. https://doi.org/10.35811/rea.v10i0.88

Paredes-Proaño, F. J., & Moreta-Herrera, R. (2020). Actitudes hacia la investigación y autorregulación del aprendizaje en los estudiantes universitarios. CienciAmérica, 9(3), 11-26. https://doi.org/10.33210/ca.v9i3.263

Paris, S. G., & Paris, A. H. (2001). Classroom Applications of Research on Self-Regulated Learning. Educational Psychologist, 36(2), 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3602_4

Parmigiani, D., Benigno, V., Giusto, M., Silvaggio, C., & Sperandio, S. (2021). E-inclusion: Online special education in Italy during the Covid-19 pandemic. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 30(1), 111-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2020.1856714

Pérez-Salas, C. P., Parra, V., Sáez-Delgado, F., & Olivares, H. (2021). Influence of Teacher-Student Relationships and Special Educational Needs on Student Engagement and Disengagement: A Correlational study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708157

Ramos-Huenteo, V., García-Vásquez, H., Olea-González, C., Lobos-Peña, K., & Sáez-Delgado, F. (2020). CienciAmérica | Universidad Indoamérica—Ecuador. 9(2). https://doi.org/10.33210/ca.v9i2.325

Sáez, F. M., Bustos, C. E., Pérez, M. V., Mella, J. A., Lobos, K. A., & Díaz, A. E. (2018). Disposición al estudio, autoeficacia y atribuciones causales en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Propósitos y Representaciones, 6(1), 199-221. https://doi.org/10.20511/pyr2018.v6n1.179

Sáez-Delgado, F., Díaz-Mujica, A. E., Bustos, C. E., Pérez-Villalobos, M. V.(2020). Impact of an intra-curricular program on disposition to study among university students. Formación universitaria, 13(4), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-50062020000400101

Sáez-Delgado, F., Mella-Norambuena, J., López-Angulo, Y., León-Ron, V. (2021). Scales to measure self-regulated learning phases in secondary school students. Información tecnológica, 32(2), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07642021000200041

Sáez-Delgado, F., López-Angulo, Y., Mella-Norambuena, J., Baeza-Sepúlveda, C., Contreras-Saavedra, C., & Lozano-Peña, G. (2022). Teacher Self-Regulation and Its Relationship with Student Self-Regulation in Secondary Education. Sustainability, 14(24), Art. 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416863

Spruce, R., & Bol, L. (2015). Teacher beliefs, knowledge, and practice of self-regulated learning. Metacognition and Learning, 10(2), 245-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-014-9124-0

Sumantri, M. S., Prayuningtyas, A. W., Rachmadtullah, R., & Magdalena, I. (2018). The Roles of Teacher-Training Programs and Student Teachers’ Self-Regulation in Developing Competence in Teaching Science. Advanced Science Letters, 24(10), 7077-7081. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12412

Sz?cs, I. Z. (2018). Teacher trainers’ self-reflection and self-evaluation. Acta Educationis Generalis, 8(2), 9-23. https://doi.org/10.2478/atd-2018-0008

Thode, H. (2002). Testing For Normality . Taylor & Francis eBooks, Refe (1st Edition). https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.1201/9780203910894/testing-normality-henry-thode

Toquero, C. M. D. (2021). ‘Sana All’ Inclusive Education amid COVID-19: Challenges, Strategies, and Prospects of Special Education Teachers. International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences, 10(1), Art. 1. https://doi.org/10.17583/rimcis.2020.6316

Valenzuela-Zambrano, D., Álvarez-Fabio, M., & Salgado Neira, E. (2021). Estudio sobre la inteligencia emocional de profesores/as de la provincia de Concepción, Chile | REXE- Revista de Estudios y Experiencias en Educación. REXE, 20(44), 29-42. https://doi.org/10.21703/0718-5162.v20.n43.2021.002

van Beek, J. A., de Jong, F. P. C. M., Minnaert, A. E. M. G., & Wubbels, Th. (2014). Teacher practice in secondary vocational education: Between teacher-regulated activities of student learning and student self-regulation. Teaching and Teacher Education, 40, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2014.01.005

Villanueva-de la Cruz, I., Santos-Sanabria, V., Rivera-Arellano, E., & Vega-Gonzalez, E. (2021). Estrategias de autorregulación en contextos virtuales de aprendizaje durante el confinamiento social por la pandemia Covid-19 / Self-regulation strategies in virtual learning contexts during social confinement due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Revista de Educación, 23, 253-269. https://fh.mdp.edu.ar/revistas/index.php/r_educ/article/view/5098

Vosniadou, S., Lawson, M. J., Wyra, M., Van Deur, P., Jeffries, D., & I Gusti Ngurah, D. (2020). Pre-service teachers’ beliefs about learning and teaching and about the self-regulation of learning: A conceptual change perspective. International Journal of Educational Research, 99, 101495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2019.101495

Yuen, K. K. (1974). The Two-Sample Trimmed t for Unequal Population Variances. Biometrika, 61(1), 165-170. https://doi.org/10.2307/2334299