Masculinities in Colombia: A Comparative Analysis of Gender Equality Public Policies in Barranquilla and Medellín

Abstract

Objectives: The article critically analyzes the public gender equality policies of Barranquilla and Medellín in order to identify how they conceptualize gender and to assess the extent to which they incorporate strategies aimed at transforming masculinities. It also examines the perceptions of institutional, community, academic, and civil society actors regarding the actual implementation of these policies, paying attention to internal tensions, institutional gaps, and the distance between discourse and practice. 

Materials and methods: A qualitative comparative study was conducted. The documentary analysis examined the normative foundations, conceptual approaches, institutional arrangements, and operational components of each policy, with particular attention to the explicit or implicit treatment of masculinities. In parallel, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four key groups in each city: community men, public officials, researchers, and representatives of social organizations or trainers. The data were processed through thematic coding and triangulation of sources, seeking to identify narrative patterns, institutional silences, convergences, and divergences in the integration of masculinities. 

Results: The findings reveal important structural differences. In Barranquilla, although the policy articulates an equity approach that incorporates masculinities transversally, there is a significant gap between discourse and implementation. For instance, the study identified the absence of specific programs, unclear responsibilities, lack of resources, and weak intersectoral coordination. Interviewed actors noted that the policy largely remains at a declarative level. In contrast, Medellín shows a more solid institutional trajectory, with initiatives directed at men and consolidated community experiences; however, tensions persist between preventive approaches focused on violence and deeper transformative proposals. 

Conclusions: Overall, both cities recognize the importance of involving men in the gender equality agenda, albeit with unequal scope. Therefore, Barranquilla needs to translate its conceptual framework into sustained actions. Medellín should strengthen cultural and relational approaches. Ultimately, the study highlights the need for comprehensive policies that address masculinities from the perspectives of care, shared responsibility, and cultural transformation beyond the prevention of violence.