Apoyo a la investigación de postgrado: ¿el aumento de las becas tiene un impacto en la tasa de abandono?

Autores/as

  • Tatiane Tenório da Gama Leite de Freitas Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Brasil

Palabras clave:

posgrado, tasa de evasión, datos del panel

Resumen

Los estudios de posgrado en Brasil han estado enfrentando problemas con la deserción y la demanda, lo que lleva a la necesidad de revisar políticas tales como incentivos financieros. Ante esto, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el impacto del ajuste de la beca Capes en la tasa de deserción de los becarios de maestría. Para ello, y con datos longitudinales de 2010 a 2015, el artículo utiliza técnicas de emparejamiento y heterogeneidad. Las estimaciones muestran que las posibilidades de abandono disminuyen tras el aumento de la beca. Así, los hallazgos refuerzan la importancia de las políticas de incentivos financieros para estudios de posgrado, especialmente en el contexto de baja demanda que presenta el país.

Biografía del autor/a

Tatiane Tenório da Gama Leite de Freitas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Brasil

Doctoranda en Economía Aplicada por la UFPB; Las grandes áreas de interés son: Evaluación de Políticas Públicas y Microeconometría Aplicada; Áreas de interés incluyen: Análisis de Inversiones, Proyectos, Economía de la Educación, Economía del Trabajo y Sector Público. Posee experiencia profesional en Proyectos Económicos, Gestión Pública y Consultoría Financiera.

Citas

Arendt, J. N. (2013). The effect of public financial aid on dropout from and completion of university education: evidence from a student grant reform. Empirical Economics, 44(3), 1545-1562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-012-0638-5

Bar-Haim, E., Chauvel, L., & Hartung, A. (2019). More necessary and less sufficient: an age-period-cohort approach to overeducation from a comparative perspective. Higher Education, 78(3), 479-499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-018-0353-z

Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education. University of Chicago Press.

Bourdieu, P. (1979). Les trois états du capital culturel. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, 30(1), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.3406/arss.1979.2654

BRASIL. (2014). Lei nº 13.005, de 25 de junho de 2014. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República.

Breen, R., & Jonsson, J. O. (2007). Explaining change in social fluidity: Educational equalization and educational expansion in twentieth?century Sweden. American Journal of Sociology, 112(6), 1775-1810. https://doi.org/10.1086/508790

Caliendo, M., & Kopeinig, S. (2008). Some practical guidance for the implementation of propensity score matching. Journal of Economic Surveys, 22(1), 31-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2007.00527.x

Case, A., & Deaton, A. (2022). The great divide: Education, despair, and death. Annual Review of Economics, 14(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-051520-015607

Chen, C.-L., & Chen, L.-C. (2021). The impact of higher education expansion on the educational wage premium in Taiwan: 1985 to 2015. International Journal of Financial Studies, 9(3), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs9030038

de Valero, Y. F. (2001). Departmental factors affecting time-to-degree and completion rates of doctoral students at one land-grant research institution. The journal of higher education, 72(3), 341. https://doi.org/10.2307/2649335

GEOCAPES. (n.d.). Gov.Br. Retrieved September 10, 2022, from https://geocapes.capes.gov.br/geocapes/

Gertler, P. J., Martinez, S., Premand, P., Rawlings, L. B., & Vermeersch, C. M. (2010). Impact Evaluation in Practice. World Bank Publications.

Gross, J. P. K., Hossler, D., & Ziskin, M. (2007). Institutional aid and student persistence: An analysis of the effects of institutional financial aid at public four-year institutions. The Journal of Student Financial Aid, 37(1). https://doi.org/10.55504/0884-9153.1076

Heidrich, L., Victória Barbosa, J. L., Cambruzzi, W., Rigo, S. J., Martins, M. G., & dos Santos, R. B. S. (2018). Diagnosis of learner dropout based on learning styles for online distance learning. Telematics and Informatics, 35(6), 1593-1606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.04.007

Jaksztat, S., Neugebauer, M., & Brandt, G. (2021). Back out or hang on? An event history analysis of withdrawal from doctoral education in Germany. Higher Education, 82(5), 937-958. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-021-00683-x

King, G., & Nielsen, R. (2019). Why propensity scores should not be used for matching. Political Analysis: An Annual Publication of the Methodology Section of the American Political Science Association, 27(4), 435-454. https://doi.org/10.1017/pan.2019.11

Lucas, R. E., Jr. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7

Mariano, F. Z., & Arraes, R. A. (2018). Trajetória longitudinal dos alunos de escolas profissionalizantes para o mercado de trabalho. Revista Brasileira de Economia, 72(4). https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20180022

Martins, A. F., Machado, M., Bernardino, H. S., & de Souza, J. F. (2021). A comparative analysis of metaheuristics applied to adaptive curriculum sequencing. Soft Computing, 25(16), 11019-11034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-05836-9

Mincer, J. (1958). Investment in Human Capital and Personal Income Distribution. The journal of political economy, 66(4), 281-302. https://doi.org/10.1086/258055

Mincer, J. (1993). Schooling, experience and earnings. Gregg Revivals.

Mohanty, S. (2021). A distributional analysis of the gender wage gap among technical degree and diploma holders in urban India. International Journal of Educational Development, 80(102322), 102322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102322

OCDE. (2023). Education at a glance 2023. Paris: OECD Publishing.

Okahana, H., & Hao, Y. (2019). Are they worth it?: Master’s degrees and labor market outcomes in the STEM workforce. Innovative Higher Education, 44(3), 165-185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-019-9455-5

PNPG. (2024). Plano nacional de pós-graduação 2024-2028. CAPES.

Polydoro, S. A. J. (1995). Evasão em uma instituição de ensino superior: desafios para a psicologia escolar. (Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia). Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas.

Rosenbaum, P. R. (2002). Attributing effects to treatment in matched observational studies. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 97(457), 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1198/016214502753479329

Rotem, N., Yair, G., & Shustak, E. (2021). Dropping out of master’s degrees: objective predictors and subjective reasons. Higher Education Research & Development, 40(5), 1070-1084. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2020.1799951

Rubin, D. B., & Thomas, N. (2000). Combining propensity score matching with additional adjustments for prognostic covariates. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 95(450), 573-585. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2000.10474233

Schultz, T.W. (1961) Investment in Human Capital. American Economic Review, 51, 1-17.

Sithole, A., Chiyaka, E. T., McCarthy, P., Mupinga, D. M., Bucklein, B. K., & Kibirige, J. (2017). Student attraction, persistence and retention in STEM programs: Successes and continuing challenges. Higher education studies, 7(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v7n1p46

Stuart, E. A. (2010). Matching methods for causal inference: A review and a look forward. Statistical Science: A Review Journal of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 25(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1214/09-STS313

Stuart, E. A., & Rubin, D. B. (2008). Best practices in quasi–experimental designs: Matching methods for causal inference. Em Best Practices in Quantitative Methods (p. 155-176). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving College: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.

Valencia Quecano, L. I., Guzmán Rincón, A., & Barragán Moreno, S. (2024). Dropout in postgraduate programs: a underexplored phenomenon – a scoping review. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2024.2326705

Waite, S. (2017). Postgraduate wage premiums and the gender wage gap in Canada. Canadian journal of higher education, 47(2), 156-187. https://doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v47i2.187939

WATSON, I. (2005) The earnings of casual employees: the problem of unobservables. Paper presented to HILDA Survey Research Conference, University of Melbourne, 28-29 September.

World Bank Group. (2018). World development report 2018: Learning to realize education’s promise. World Bank Publications.

Wouterse, B., van der Wiel, K., & van der Steeg, M. (2017). Income differences between PhDs and masters: Evidence from the Netherlands. De Economist, 165(4), 439-461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10645-017-9304-9.

Publicado

2024-12-30

Número

Sección

Artículo científico