Além da revolução keynesiana: um estudo comparativo das escolas de pensamento econômico após keynes
Palavras-chave:
síntese neoclássica, pós-keynesianos, novos-clássicos, monetaristas, novos-keynesianosResumo
As contribuições de Keynes tiveram um impacto significativo no desenvolvimento da teoria econômica, gerando diversas correntes de pensamento no mainstream e na heterodoxia. A síntese neoclássica-keynesiana buscou combinar elementos da teoria neoclássica com a teoria keynesiana, visando reconciliar os princípios microeconômicos do modelo clássico com o pensamento de Keynes. A escola monetarista procurou destacar o papel da oferta de moeda na determinação da produção, introduzindo conceitos como expectativas adaptativas e taxa natural de desemprego. Por outro lado, os novos-clássicos se concentraram em expectativas racionais e na capacidade de os mercados se ajustarem rapidamente por meio da flexibilidade de preços e salários. Os novos keynesianos incorporaram elementos das ideias de Keynes às teorias neoclássicas, especialmente no que dizem respeito à rigidez de preços e imperfeições de mercado. Por fim, a escola pós-keynesiana se desenvolveu a partir das teorias propostas por Keynes, buscando se distanciar tanto das interpretações mais convencionais como da abordagem das escolas anteriores. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a evolução da teoria econômica dessas cinco escolas do pensamento econômico pós-Keynes, destacando suas semelhanças e diferenças.
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