Hydrometallurgical valorization of spent Ni-Cd batteries using organic acids as selective leaching agents

Alberto Moccia Paradisi; Diego Hernández-Pardo; Nadia Ardila Santamaria; Pedro Delvasto

doi:10.14482/inde.41.02.547.256

Autores/as

Alberto Moccia Paradisi Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
Diego Hernández-Pardo Universidad Industrial de Santander
Nadia Ardila Santamaria Universidad Industrial de Santander
Pedro Delvasto Universidad Industrial de Santander

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14482/inde.41.02.547.256

Palabras clave:

ácidos orgánicos, hidrometalurgia, pilas gastadas Ni-Cd, valorización

Resumen

Se propone una ruta de procesamiento hidrometalúrgico de pilas Ni-Cd gastadas utilizando ácidos orgánicos como principales agentes lixiviantes. Los electrodos de tales pilas fueron lixiviados utilizando diferentes ácidos y mezclas de ellos, con la finalidad de encontrar la mejor combinación de variables operativas para una recuperación eficiente de metales valiosos; los productos obtenidos fueron caracterizados empleando microscopía electrónica de barrido, análisis químico por espectroscopia de absorción atómica, difracción de rayos x y espectroscopia infrarroja por transformada de Fourier. Se encontró que es posible obtener productos aprovechables en varias industrias aplicando dos etapas de lixiviación selectiva: en la primera, se emplea ácido cítrico al 15% m/m para recuperar 85±5% en peso de cadmio como sal; en la segunda, se emplea ácido acético al 5% m/m mezclado con ácido sulfúrico al 3% m/m, con el fin de recuperar el 50±3% en peso níquel en un producto formado por hidróxidos y sales. El sólido remanente de la segunda etapa de lixiviación también puede ser aprovechable, pues contiene 96±4% en peso de níquel.

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