Factores institucionales como determinantes del crecimiento económico subnacional en Ecuador

Autores/as

  • Diego Danny Ontaneda Jiménez UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA
  • Luis Rodrigo Mendieta Muñoz Universidad de Cuenca

Palabras clave:

heterogeneidades económicas, regional, calidad institucional, ingreso per cápita, Ecuador

Resumen

Ecuador es un país en desarrollo con grandes heterogeneidades económicas a nivel regional. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la importancia de la calidad institucional como determinante del ingreso per cápita subnacional. Se ha demostrado el efecto positivo de las instituciones en el crecimiento económico a nivel nacional. Sin embargo, los estudios que analizan las instituciones como determinantes de crecimiento regional para países en vías de desarrollo aún son escasos. Se utiliza encuestas del Latinobarómetro 2007-2018 para obtener información de la percepción de la calidad institucional y se sigue la metodología de los Indicadores de Gobernanza Mundial del Banco Mundial para analizar tres dimensiones de gobernanza: voz y rendición de cuentas, efectividad del gobierno y estado de derecho. El análisis empírico se lleva a cabo a partir de un modelo de regresión de datos de panel y ejercicios contrafactuales. Los resultados señalan que la mejora de la calidad institucional se asocia con incrementos en el nivel de renta regional, después de controlar por factores como el capital humano, infraestructura y stock de capital. Aunque, el análisis revela que las instituciones solo explican una parte moderada de las diferencias regionales del ingreso per cápita. Desde el punto de vista de política, el análisis sugiere la necesidad de considerar el fortalecimiento de la calidad institucional como una estrategia que puede complementar y potenciar los efectos de otros instrumentos que busquen promover el crecimiento económico regional.

Biografía del autor/a

Diego Danny Ontaneda Jiménez, UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA

Maestro en Economía por la Universidad de Guadalajara-México y Economista por la Universidad de Cuenca-Ecuador. Actualmente es investigador de laUniversidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Grupo de Investigación en Economía Regional (GIER). e-mail: diego.ontanedaj@ucuenca.edu.ec.

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Publicado

2021-07-30

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Artículo científico