Fatores institucionais como determinantes do crescimento econômico subnacional no Equador
Palavras-chave:
heterogeneidades económicas, regional, calidad institucional, ingreso per cápita, EcuadorResumo
O Equador é um país em desenvolvimento com grande heterogeneidade econômica em nível regional. O objetivo do estudo é analisar a importância da qualidade institucional como determinante da renda per capita subnacional. O efeito positivo das instituições sobre o crescimento econômico em nível nacional foi demonstrado. No entanto, estudos que analisam as instituições como determinantes do crescimento regional para os países em desenvolvimento ainda são escassos. As pesquisas do Latinobarômetro 2007-2018 são usadas para obter informações sobre a percepção da qualidade institucional e a metodologia dos Indicadores de Governança Mundial do Banco Mundial é seguida para analisar três dimensões da governança: voz e responsabilidade, eficácia do governo e estado de direito. A análise empírica é realizada a partir de um modelo de regressão de dados em painel e exercícios contrafactuais. Os resultados indicam que a melhoria da qualidade institucional está associada a aumentos no nível de renda regional, controlados por fatores como capital humano, infraestrutura e estoque de capital. No entanto, a análise revela que as instituições explicam apenas uma parte moderada das diferenças regionais de renda per capita. Do ponto de vista da política, a análise sugere a necessidade de considerar o fortalecimento da qualidade institucional como uma estratégia que pode complementar e potencializar os efeitos de outros instrumentos que buscam promover o crescimento econômico regional.
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