About the Journal

The journal Investigación & Desarrollo has an extensive database of doctors, both from the Universidad del Norte (Internal) and academic peers from other national and/or international universities (External), who conduct the review of manuscripts submitted for publication. Depending on the topic of the article, the associate editor, in coordination with the Editorial Committee, assigns between two and three academic peers to provide a valid evaluation concept regarding the text and the feasibility of its publication. In all cases, an external academic peer from outside the institution is assigned.

The evaluation process is double-blind, where author and evaluator do not know their respective identities. The evaluation is given as a feedback to the author. This process could take between 6 and 9 months, approximately, because of the fluenty of articles submited to the journal.

Guidelines on conflicts of interest: 

To facilitateand expedit the process, authors are requested at the time to submit the manuscrit, to attach the documments with the name of the 3 national and international peer reviewers, it's necessary that there is no conflic of interes with the authors, for the wich the following criteria should be taken into account in relation to the suggested reviewers:

1) Do not have the same institutional affiliation as the authors.

2) They do not work on the same research project with the authors.

3) Do not have joint publications with the authors in the last five years. 

Archives Policy: 

The journal Investigación & Desarrollo performns backup through the Open Journal System (OJS) with the purpose of of preservation and possible restorations. In addition, we have PDF's copies of each one of the scientific articles that have been upploaded to the Jurnal Drive's platform. 

Plagiarism Policy: During the editorial process of the journal, an anti-plagiarism software is employed to evaluate the similarity between documents and those published on the internet. The percentage of content found in other sources is analyzed, establishing minimum, medium, or maximum levels of similarity as appropriate. The article will be rejected if it presents any total or partial coincidence not properly referenced.

 

Ethical Policies for Research Involving Humans: To ensure the ethical aspects of any submitted work involving human participants, we require that each research article submitted includes a statement that the study obtained approval from the ethics committee (or a statement that it was not necessary) and a statement of informed consent from the parents or legal guardians of the children participating in the research.

 

 

Ethical Standards

Currently, Universidad del Norte publishes 10 journals. Publication of an article in an academic peer-reviewed journal serves several functions, one of which is to validate and preserve the “minutes” of research. It is therefore of great importance that these “minutes” are accurate and trustworthy. The act of publishing involves many parties, each of which plays an important role in achieving these goals. It therefore follows that the author, the journal editor, the peer-reviewer, and the publisher have responsibilities to meet expected ethical standards at all stages in their involvement from submission to publication of an article.

Universidad del Norte is committed to meeting and upholding standards of ethical behavior at all stages of the publication process. We follow closely the industry associations, such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICJME) and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), that set standards and provide guidelines for best practices in order to meet these requirements. Below is a summary of our key expectations of editors, peer-reviewers and authors, which adhere to the publication ethics and malpractice policies outlined by COPE. More extensive resources are available from COPE and (WAME) 

1. ETHICAL EXPECTATIONS

Editors’ responsibilities

· To act in a balanced, objective and fair way while carrying out their expected duties, without discrimination on grounds of gender, sexual orientation, religious or political beliefs, ethnic or geographical origin of the authors.

 

· To handle submissions for sponsored supplements or special issues in the same way as other submissions, so that articles are considered and accepted solely on their academic merit and without commercial influence.

 

· To adopt and follow reasonable procedures in the event of complaints of an ethical or conflict nature. To give authors a reasonable opportunity to respond to any complaints. All complaints should be investigated no matter when the original publication was approved. Documentation associated with any such complaints should be retained.

 

Reviewers’ responsibilities

· To contribute to the decision-making process, and to assist in improving the quality of the published paper by reviewing the manuscript objectively, in a timely manner

· To maintain the confidentiality of any information supplied by the editor or author. To not retain or copy the manuscript.

· To alert the editor to any published or submitted content that is substantially similar to that under review.

· To be aware of any potential conflicts of interest (financial, institutional, collaborative or other relationships between the reviewer and author) and to alert the editor to these, if necessary withdrawing their services for that manuscript.

Authors’ responsibilities

• To maintain accurate records of data associated with their submitted manuscript, and to supply or provide access to these data, on reasonable request. Where appropriate and where allowed by employer, funding body and others who might have an interest, to deposit data in a suitable repository or storage location, for sharing and further use by others.
• To confirm that the manuscript as submitted is not under consideration or accepted for publication elsewhere. Where portions of the content overlap with published or submitted content, to acknowledge and cite those sources. Additionally, to provide the editor with a copy of any submitted manuscript that might contain overlapping or closely related content.
• To confirm that all the work in the submitted manuscript is original and to acknowledge and cite content reproduced from other sources. 
• To obtain permission to reproduce any content from other sources.
• Authors must guarantee that any studies involving human or animal subjects conform to national, local and institutional laws and requirements (e.g. WMA Declaration of Helsinki, NIH Policy on Use of laboratory Animals, EU Directive on Use of Animals) and confirm that approval has been sought and obtained where appropriate. 
• Authors should obtain express permission from human subjects and respect their privacy.
• To declare any potential conflicts of interest (e.g. where the author has a competing interest (real or apparent) that could be considered or viewed as exerting an undue influence on his or her duties at any stage during the publication process).
• To notify promptly the journal editor or publisher if a significant error in their publication is identified. 
• To cooperate with the editor and publisher to publish an erratum, addendum, corrigendum notice, or to retract the paper, where this is deemed necessary.

Publisher responsibilities

· Universidad del Norte shall ensure that good practice is maintained to the standards outlined above.

 

2. PROCEDURES FOR DEALING WITH UNETHICAL BEHAVIOUR

 

Identification of unethical behaviour

• Misconduct and unethical behaviour may be identified and brought to the attention of the editor and publisher at any time, by anyone.
• Missconduct and unethical behaviour can included, but not necessarily limited to, cases discussed above.
• Whoever informs the editor or publisher of such conduct should provide sufficient information and evidence in order for an investigation to be initiated. All allegations should be taken seriously and treated in the same way, until a successful decision or conclusion is reached.

Investigation

· An initial decision should be taken by the editor, who should consult with or seek advice from the publisher, if appropriate.

· Evidence should be gathered, while avoiding spreading any allegations beyond those who need to know.

 

Minor breaches

· Minor misconduct might be dealt with without the need to consult more widely. In any event, the author should be given the opportunity to respond to any allegations.

 

Serious breaches

· Serious misconduct might require that the employers of the accused be notified. The editor, in consultation with the publisher, should make the decision whether or not to involve the employers, either by examining the available evidence themselves or by further consultation with a limited number of experts.

 

Outcomes (in increasing order of severity; may be applied separately or in conjunction). 

One or more of the following measures may be taken, as appropiate:

 

· Informing or educating the author or reviewer where there appears to be a misunderstanding or misapplication of acceptable standards.

· A more strongly worded letter to the author or reviewer covering the misconduct and as a warning to future behaviour.

· Publication of a formal notice detailing the misconduct.

· Publication of an editorial detailing the misconduct.

· A formal letter to the head of the author’s or reviewer’s department or funding agency.

· Formal retraction or withdrawal of a publication from the journal, in conjunction with informing the head of the author or reviewer’s department, Abstracting & Indexing services and the readership of the publication.

· Imposition of a formal embargo on contributions from an individual for a defined period.

· Reporting the case and outcome to a professional organisation or higher authority for further investigation and action.

 

SOURCE

https://publicationethics.org/core-practices

https://www.wame.org/

https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-para-las-investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.es

https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/translations/spanish2016.pdf