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Correlatos psicosociales y familiares de la conducta sexual en adolescentes indígenas y urbanos de Chiapas
Resumen
La adolescencia es una etapa de cambios a nivel fisiológico y emocional. Este tránsito hacia la adultez implica la exposición a riesgos que pueden tener consecuencias personales, familiares y escolares. Algunos de éstos se asocian con el inicio de la vida sexual activa, por ejemplo, embarazos no deseados o el contagio de enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Este trabajo analiza la relación entre las conductas sexuales respecto a variables psicosociales y familiares en adolescentes de zonas rurales y urbanas de Chiapas, México. El estudio, de corte cuantitativo, se realizó con una muestra de 4,952 adolescentes estudiantes de nivel secundaria y bachillerato de Chiapas. Se aplicó un cuestionario para valorar conductas sexuales y seis escalas para medir ideación suicida, sintomatología depresiva, impulsividad, autoestima y relación con los padres. Los resultados indican diferencias significativas entre los puntajes promedios de las escalas aplicadas y la edad de iniciación sexual, el uso del preservativo, la frecuencia de los encuentros sexuales y el número de distintas parejas sexuales. Los resultados son relevantes en el contexto de estudio debido a que Chiapas es una demarcación multicultural y diversa étnicamente, en donde las investigaciones en torno a conductas sexuales con adolescentes de zonas rurales y urbanas son escasas.
Citas
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