Effectiveness of emotional freedom techniques with a recreational plastic expression program in post-traumatic stress of school age children boarded for abuse-related trauma
Keywords:
EFT, plastic expression, recreation, post-traumatic stress disorder, child abuse.Abstract
We present an experimentally controlled and randomized investigation with pre- and post-trial results, carried out on 47 children boarded for abuse-related trauma in four different shelters. A gradual scale was utilized based on the DSM-5 criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The program included six sessions that implemented Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), together with recreational plastic expression. The Plastic Expression was appropriate, taking into account the under-developed verbal skills and the hypoactivation of the speech area under the PTSD, and facilitated the approach of memories in a safe, group-oriented environment. The recreational usage brought along the comfort which in turn helped to counteract the avoidance that presents itself at the onset of the PTSD. The EFT gave way to a rapid decrease in the distress response and contributed to the immediate elaboration of memories. The program significantly decreased the level of the PTSD, facilitated learning of new and effective forms of coping, and contributed by opening the mind towards a personal life project.References
Asociación Profesional Española de Arteterapeutas. (2012). ¿Qué es arteterapia? Retrie-ved from http://www.arteterapia.org.es/que-es-arteterapia
Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana. (2014). Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastor-nos Mentales DSM-5, Madrid: Panamericana.
Becker, R. O. (1985). The Body Electric, New York: Morrow.
Caso, M. (2004). Evaluation of chapman’s neurolymphatic reflexes via applied kine-siology: a case report of low back pain and congenital intestinal abnormality. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics (JMPT), 27(1): 66-72. Retrie-ved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8905719_Evaluation_of_Chapman’s_neurolymphatic_reflexes_via_applied_kinesiology_a_case_re-port_of_low_back_pain_and_congenital_intestinal_abnormality
Church, D. (2013). Clinical EFT as an Evidence-Based Practice for the Treatment of Psy-chological and Physiological. Conditions Psychology, 4(8): 645-654. Retrieved from http://file.scirp.org/pdf/PSYCH_2013081215123494.pdf
Covarrubias Oppliger, T. E. (2006). Arte terapia como herramienta de intervención para el pro-ceso de desarrollo personal. Facultad de Artes. Santiago de Chile: Pontificia Univer-sidad Católica de Chile. Retrieved from http://www.tesis.uchile.cl/tesis/uchi-le/2006/covarrubias_t/sources/covarrubias_t.pdf
Craig, G. (2016). How to do the EFT Tapping Basics-The Basic Recipe. Retrieved from The Home of Gold Standard EFT: http://www.emofree.com/eft-tutorial/tapping-basics/how-to-do-eft.html
Cury Abril, M. (2007). Tras el silencio. Arteterapia-Papeles de arteterapia y educación artísti-ca para la inclusión social, 2: 71-86. Retrieved from http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ARTE/article/view/ARTE0707110071A/8924
Eaton, LG. , Doherty. K. L. & Widrick, R. M. (2007). A review of research and methods used to establish art therapy as an effective treatment method for traumati-zed children. The Arts in Psychotherapy 34: 256-262. Retrieved from https://www.raphaelstichting.nl/queeste/files/2012/11/revieuw-effectiveness-of-art-thera-py-on-traumatized-children.pdf
EFT Universe. (2010). EL Mini-Manual de EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques)-Técnicas de Li-beración Emocional. Retrieved from EFT Universe: http://www.eftuniverse.com/images/pdf_files/eft-mini-es.pdf
Feinstein, D. (2010). Rapid Treatment of PTSD: Why Psychological Exposure with Acupoint Tap-ping May Be Effective. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training. 47(3): 385-402. Retrieved from http://www.innersource.net/ep/images/stories/down-loads/mechanisms.pdf
Fossum, C. , Kuchera, M. L. , Devine, W. H. & Wilson, K. (2011). Chapman’s Approach. In A. Chila, Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine (853-865). Baltimore (MD): Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
García Renedo, M. (2008). El 11-M. Un estudio sobre su impacto psicológico desde el entorno familiar y escolar en alumnos de infantil y primaria. Tesis de Doctora-do en Psicología, Universitat Jaume I, Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva, Educativa, Social, Castellón de la Plana (España). Retrieved from http://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/10526/grenedo.pdf;jsessionid=B35D0ECA7D6FD8FBAD1757E61225F9FE?sequence=1
Giralt, I. (2009) ¿Qué es la acupuntura? Visión de una médica acupuntora. Gastroenterol Hepatol Contin,8(6): 336-339.
Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar. (2014). Tablero Protección. Retrieved from Portal Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar: http://www.icbf.gov.co/portal/page/portal/PortalICBF/estadisticas/tablero-proteccion
Kim, Y. D. , Heo I. , Shin, B.C. , Crawford, C. , Kang, H. W. & Lim J. H. (2013). Acupunctu-re for post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review of randomized con-trolled trials and prospective clinical trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013. Retrieved from: <http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2013/615857>.
Klein, J. P. (2006). Arteterapia. Una introducción. Barcelona: Octaedro.Kolk, B. V. (2000) Post-traumatic stress disorder and the nature the trauma. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience (Dialogues- CNC) 2(1): 7-22. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181584/
Llanos Alonso, M. (2010). El Corazón bajo la Cama. Arteterapia con Arteterapia. Papeles de arteterapia y educación artística para la inclusión social. 5: 125-135. Retrieved from http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ARTE/article/view/ARTE1010110125A/8726
Meeks, T. W. , Wetherell, J. L. , Irwin, M.R. , Redwine, L. S. & Jeste, D. V. (2007). Comple-mentary and alternative treatments for late-life depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance: a review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Clinical Psychia-try (NCBI) 68(10): 1461-71.
Mingote, J.C. , Machón, B. , Isla, I. , Perris, A. & Nieto, I. (2001). Tratamiento integrado del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático. Aperturas Psicoanalíticas (8). Retrieved from http://www.aperturas.org/articulos.php?id=0000161
Ministerio de la Protección Social. (2005). Estudio Nacional de Salud Mental Colombia 2003. Cali: Ministerio de la Protección Social y Fundación FES. Retrieved from http://onsm.ces.edu.co/uploads/files/1243030_EstudioNacionalSM2003.pdf
Ministerio de Salud. (4 de octubre de 1993). Resolución 8430 de 1993. Diario Oficial. Re-trieved from https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Normatividad_Nuevo/RESOLU-CION %208430 %20DE %201993.pdf
National Institute of Mental Health. (2008). Trastorno de estrés postraumático. Re-trieved from National Institute of Mental Health: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-de-estres-postraumatico-facil-de-leer/index.shtml
Sadock, B. J. & Sadock, V. A. (2008). Sinopsis de Psiquiatría.Barcelona: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Steele, W. & Raider, M. (2001). Structured Sensory Interventions for Traumatized Children, Ado-lescents and Parents: Strategies to Alleviate Trauma (SITCAP). Lewiston (New York): Edwin Mellen.
Stumbo, N.J. & Peterson, C.A. (2000). Therapeutic Recreation Program Design: Principles and Procedures. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Trejos Parra, J. J. , Cardona Giraldo, D. & Cano Echeverri, M. M. (2005b). Recreación psi-coterapéutica: avances conceptuales e investigativos. Retrieved from Funlibre: http://www.redcreacion.org/documentos/congreso9/JJTrejos.html
Trejos Parra, J. J. , Cardona Giraldo, D. & Cano Echeverri, M. M. (2005). Recreación psicote-rapéutica: conceptos básicos. Pereira: Postergraph.Valdivia, M. (2002). Trastorno por estrés postraumático en la niñez. Revista Chilena de Neuro-Psiquiatría 40(suplemento 2): 76-85. Retrieved from Trastorno por es-trés postraumático en la niñez: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0717-92272002000600007&script=sci_arttext
Valiee, S. , Bassampour, S. S. , Nasrabadi, A. N. , Pouresmaeil, Z. & Mehran, A. (2012). Effect of acupressure on preoperative anxiety: a clinical trial. J Perianesth Nurs Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 27(4): 259-266.
Vella, E. J. , Milligan, B. & Bennett, J. L. (2013). Participation in Outdoor Recreation Pro-gram Predicts Improved Psychosocial Well-Being Among Veterans With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study. Military Medicine 178(3): 254-260. Re-trieved from http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.utp.edu.co/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=e00f689a-cc5c-445e-a00d-6d5a51182390 %40sessionmgr4007&vid=1&hid=4209
Wang, S. , Escalera, S. , Lin, E. C. , Maranets, I. & Kain, Z. N. (2008). Extra-1 acupressure for children undergoing anesthesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia 107(3): 811-816.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2023-05-18 (2)
- 2020-05-04 (1)
Issue
Section
License
The Editor and/or publisher submitting the current journal information, or article, hereby confirms: 1) the author’s participation in the work; 2) the author’s approval to be referred to as the author; and 3) the author’s acceptance to all the conditions included in the Copyright Assignment provision herein included. The author (hereinafter referred to as Assignor) hereby irrevocably transfers and assigns, at no cost, to the Revista Psicología del Caribe of the Psychology School at Universidad del Norte - ISSN: 2011-7485 - (hereinafter referred to as Assignee) all rights, titles and interests, including all copyrights in Colombia and throughout the World, related to the submitted article.
The Assignor acknowledges that he/she is the owner/creator and the article is original. The Assignor declares that the article had not, is not, or will not be submitted elsewhere for print or electronic publication. In such an event, the Editor of the Revista Psicología del Caribe should be notified, in writing, and his/her response is required prior to evaluating the submitted article. The Assignor swears there is no impediment that prevents this Copyright Assignment. The Assignor consents that he/she may be held accountable for any copyright violations, plagiarism, or any other claim that may surge.
In consideration of this provision, the Assignee is authorized to copy, reprint, distribute, publish, and commercialize the submitted article through electronic, digital, of paper means. However, the Assignee is obligated to comply with the moral rights of the author, as established in the Act 23 of 1982, art. 30.
All articles published in Psicología desde el Caribe and its contents are under Creative Commons license CC BY. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0