Diferencias en ansiedad escolar en función del sexo y curso académico en una muestra de estudiantes chilenos de educación básica
Keywords:
Ansiedad Escolar, Diferencias de Género, Educación BásicaAbstract
La literatura informa que la prevalencia de la ansiedad en edad infantil ha aumentado exponencialmente durante las últimas décadas, generando con ello la necesidad de monitorear permanentemente los estados emocionales principalmente en niños, y así evitar las dificultades de esta problemática. El objetivo fue establecer diferencias en ansiedad escolar en función del sexo y curso académico en estudiantes chilenos de educación básica. Para ello se contó con 3212 alumnos de 30 colegios de Ñuble en Chile, 1639 niñas y 1573 niños y edades entre 8 y 15 años (M=10.05 DT=1.01). La Ansiedad Escolar se evaluó con el Inventario de Ansiedad Escolar para Educación Primaria, que evalúa tres sistemas de respuesta (cognitiva, conductual y psicofisiológica) y cuatro factores situacionales (Ansiedad ante el castigo escolar, ansiedad ante la victimización, ansiedad ante la evaluación social y ansiedad ante la evaluación y fracaso escolar). Los resultados indican que las niñas presentan niveles de ansiedad significativamente mayores que los niños, aunque de pequeña magnitud. Respecto del curso académico, se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre 4° y 5°, entre 4° y 6° y entre 5° y 6° año. Estos resultados corroboran los obtenidos en investigaciones previas y alertan sobre el mantenimiento de ellos en el tiempo.
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