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Significados del conflicto armado en jóvenes y adultos mayores de Bucaramanga, Colombia.

Authors

  • Yeferson Jahir Matajira Camacho Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana
  • Ara Mercedes Cerquera Cordoba Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana
  • William Fernando Morales portilla Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana
  • Angela Yamille Rueda forero Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana
  • Margie Stefania Quintero Mantilla Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana
  • Arbey Jahir Peña Peña Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana
  • Carol Juliana Garcia Vargas Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana

Keywords:

Adulto mayor, Joven, Conflicto armado, Significados

Abstract

El conflicto armado representa una problemática que afecta toda la población colombiana, la cual, construye significados sobre el mismo y a partir de ello, experimenta la realidad. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar los significados que tenían del conflicto armado una muestra de 22 jóvenes y 20 adultos mayores de Bucaramanga. Con diseño cualitativo, un enfoque fenomenológico y la implementación de un muestreo a conveniencia, se utilizó una entrevista a profundidad y se construyó un grupo focal. Los resultados evidenciaron cuatro subcategorías: percepción, conocimiento, valoración e ideas de solución. Se encontró que los adultos mayores tenían mayor conocimiento del conflicto, en comparación con los jóvenes. En relación a la valoración, ambos grupos lo perciben como algo atroz e injusto. También, señalaban que estos delitos eran generados por grupos como la guerrilla, las FARC, ELN, M-19. La corrupción también destacó en el discurso de la muestra. Respecto a las soluciones al conflicto armado, resaltó el dialogo principalmente. Se concluye, que existen diferencias entre los significados de las dos puntas generacionales, donde los adultos mayores, presentan mayor comprensión sobre esta problemática en comparación con los jóvenes.

References

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(2014). Los enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos de la investigación científica. En autores, metodología de la investigación. Bogotá, Colombia: Norma.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Hernández, R., Fernández, C., y Baptista, M. (2014). El proceso de la investigación cualitativa. En autores, Metodología de la investigación (pp.361-542).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bogotá, Colombia: Norma.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Londoño, N., Sicachá, M., y González, J. (2011). Posibles manifestaciones del trastorno por estrés postraumático en adultos desplazados por el conflicto armado del asentamiento “Acacias Bajo” en Armenia - Quindío. <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sinapsis, 3</em>(3), 101 - 107. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Martín-Baró, I. (1990). Psicología social de la guerra: trauma y terapia. El Salvador: UCA editores. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Médicos sin fronteras. (2013). Las heridas menos visibles: Salud mental, violencia y conflicto armado en el sur de Colombia. Médicos sin fronteras: Bogotá, Colombia. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Recuperado en: </span><span lang="ES"><a href="https://www.msf.es/sites/default/files/legacy/adjuntos/Informe-Colombia_Junio-2013.pdf"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: windowtext;">https://www.msf.es/sites/default/files/legacy/adjuntos/Informe-Colombia_Junio-2013.pdf</span></a></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Medina, C. (2010). Conflicto armado, corrupción y captura del Estado De la perversión de los procesos económicos públicos a la cooptación política de Estado por las fuerzas ilegales. Ciudad Pazando,(3)1. 43-52. </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Moreno, M., y Díaz, M. (2015). Posturas en la atención psicosocial a víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia. El ágora USB, 16(1). 193-213. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Muñoz, F.A. (2010). Conflictos. En B.M. Rueda y F.A, Muñoz, Manual de paz y conflictos. España: Universidad de Granada. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Recuperado en: </span><span lang="ES"><a href="http://ipaz.ugr.es/wpcontent/files/publicaciones/ColeccionEirene/eirene_manual/Que_son_los_Conflictos.pdf"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">http://ipaz.ugr.es/wpcontent/files/publicaciones/ColeccionEirene/eirene_manual/Que_son_los_Conflictos.pdf</span></a></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Ortego, M.C., Lopez, S., y Alvarez, M.L. (2007). Los conflictos. En “autores”, Ciencias Psicosociales. España: Universidad de cantavia. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Parra, L. (2008). Introducción a la Psicología de la Guerra. <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">El ágora USB. 8</em>(2), 269-280. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;" lang="ES">Pinilla, V., y Lugo, N. (2011). Juventud, narrativa y conflicto: una aproximación al estado del arte de su relación. <em>Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 9</em>(2),35-62<em><span style="color: red;">.</span></em></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;" lang="ES"><em><span style="color: red;"> </span></em></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (2009). Importancia del diálogo para la prevención de conflictos y la construcción de paz. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="ES"><a href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fundp%2Flibrary%2Fcrisis%2520prevention%2FSpanish%2Fdialogue_conflict_spanish.pdf&amp;h=ATNOh6na-STUp7Uj8Fr9SLHVP2o4v4ZXKklyE8ZYwH6hN3tEIRd6EJKmxZ_NGAUvFflg4i4SW8JKqsUCcTbsk3cjZCCfGsYi66xneuFFimWKZ4sEmrU"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: windowtext;">http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/crisis%20prevention/Spanish/dialogue_conflict_spanish.pdf</span></a></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></p> <div style="mso-element: para-border-div; border: none black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none black 0cm; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; border: none; mso-border-alt: none black 0cm; padding: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-between: 0cm none black; mso-padding-between: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 0cm; border-bottom: 0cm none black; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0cm none black;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; border: none; mso-border-alt: none black 0cm; padding: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-between: 0cm none black; mso-padding-between: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 0cm; border-bottom: 0cm none black; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0cm none black;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;" lang="ES">Progresar. (2000). <em>Mecanismos alternativos para la transformación de los conflictos</em>. Bogotá, Colombia: Fundación Progresar. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Recuperado en: </span><span lang="ES"><a href="http://www.centroarbitrajeconciliacion.com/Noticias/2017/Tercer-Congreso-Nacional-e-Internacional-de-Mecanismos-Alternativos-de-Solucion-de-Conflictos"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">http://www.centroarbitrajeconciliacion.com/Noticias/2017/Tercer-Congreso-Nacional-e-Internacional-de-Mecanismos-Alternativos-de-Solucion-de-Conflictos</span></a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; border: none; mso-border-alt: none black 0cm; padding: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-between: 0cm none black; mso-padding-between: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; mso-padding-top-alt: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;" lang="ES"> </span></p></div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Ramírez, N., Juárez, F., Parada, A., Guerrero, J., Romero, M., Salgado., A y Vargas, M. (2016). Afectaciones Psicológicas, Estrategias de Afrontamiento y Niveles de Resiliencia de Adultos Expuestos al Conflicto Armado en Colombia. <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Revista colombiana de psicología, 25</em>(1). 125-140.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Restrepo, D. (2014). Desarrollo Familiar. Una alternativa en la educación superior. En L. M. López Montaño (Comp.), Tres décadas de desarrollo familiar en Colombia (pp. 60-61). Manizales: Editorial Universidad de Caldas.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Romero, S.A. (2003). Teoría del conflicto social. En “Autor” Negociación directa y asistida. Lima, Perú: ASOPDES. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Recuperado en: </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="ES"><a href="http://abacoenred.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Teor%C3%ADa-del-conflicto-social-ASOPDES-2003.pdf"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">http://abacoenred.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Teor%C3%ADa-del-conflicto-social-ASOPDES-2003.pdf</span></a></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Ruíz, B. (2013). Psicología del adolescente y su entorno. <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Siete días médicos</em>. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Recuperado en: </span><span lang="ES"><a href="http://www.codajic.org/sites/www.codajic.org/files/Psicolog%C3%ADa%20del%20Adolescente%20y%20su%20entorno%20P.J.Ruiz%20L%C3%A1zaro.pdf"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">http://www.codajic.org/sites/www.codajic.org/files/Psicolog%C3%ADa%20del%20Adolescente%20y%20su%20entorno%20P.J.Ruiz%20Lázaro.pdf</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; background: white;"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Sacipa, S., Tovar, C., Sarmiento, L., Gómez, A., y Suarez, M. (2013). La psicología política en Colombia. (23). </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Semillero calidad de vida en la tercera edad (2017). Entrevista a profundidad. En prensa.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Silva, G. (2008). Teoría del conflicto, un marco teórico referencial. <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Revista prolegómenos, derecho y valores, 11</em>(22), 29-43.</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -36pt;"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Suárez, A. [Centro nacional de memoria histórica]. (2013). Cinco ejes para entender el conflicto armado colombiano [Archivo de video]. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Recuperado en: </span><span lang="ES"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um6GJiOtn64"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: windowtext;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um6GJiOtn64</span></a></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"> </p> <div style="mso-element: para-border-div; border: none black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none black 0cm; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; border: none; mso-border-alt: none black 0cm; padding: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-between: 0cm none black; mso-padding-between: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 0cm; border-bottom: 0cm none black; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0cm none black;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Schopflin, G. (2000). Nations, identity, power: The new politics of Europe. New York: University Press. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Recuperado en: </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="ES"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Nations-Identity-Power...Schopflin/.../0"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-variant: small-caps; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">https://www.amazon.com/Nations-Identity-Power...Schopflin/.../0</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-variant: small-caps; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">...</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; border: none; mso-border-alt: none black 0cm; padding: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-between: 0cm none black; mso-padding-between: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; mso-padding-top-alt: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 0cm; border-bottom: 0cm none black; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0cm none black;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-variant: small-caps; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; border: none; mso-border-alt: none black 0cm; padding: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-between: 0cm none black; mso-padding-between: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; mso-padding-top-alt: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 0cm; border-bottom: 0cm none black; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0cm none black;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Unidad para las víctimas. (2017). En Colombia, unas 700.000 víctimas del conflicto armado son personas mayores. Recuperado en </span><span lang="ES"><a href="http://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/es/enfoques-diferenciales/en-colombia-unas-700000-victimas-del-conflicto-armado-son-personas-mayores"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: windowtext;">http://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/es/enfoques-diferenciales/en-colombia-unas-700000-victimas-del-conflicto-armado-son-personas-mayores</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt; border: none; mso-border-alt: none black 0cm; padding: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-between: 0cm none black; mso-padding-between: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; mso-padding-top-alt: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 0cm; border-bottom: 0cm none black; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0cm none black;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-variant: small-caps; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-caps: small-caps; text-indent: -36pt;"> </span></p></div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Yaffe, L. (2011). Conflicto armado en Colombia: análisis de las causas económicas, sociales e institucionales de la oposición violenta.<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> CS,8, </em>187.<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </em></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES">Zuluaga, A. y Buelga, S. (2014). El trabajo psicológico en el centro de atención a víctimas de las violencias y graves violaciones a los derechos humanos (Colombia). <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Quaderns Electrònics sobre el Desenvolupament Humà i la Cooperació</em>, 2. 42-56.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;" lang="ES"> </span></p>

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2019-11-26

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