Sistematización de las aplicaciones de la escala CS-DS Chronic Self Destructiveness Scale, 1985 – 2019
Abstract
Introducción: La escala CS-DS (Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale) fue diseñada y validada en 1985 y a la fecha no se conocen sus aplicaciones en estudios investigativos.
Objetivo: Analizar los usos de la escala CS-DS mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura y comparar los puntajes de autodestructividad indirecta en diferentes grupos poblacionales en el periodo 1985-2019.
Materiales y métodos: Revisión sistemática en cinco bases datos multidisciplinarias con tres estrategias de búsqueda siguiendo las recomendaciones de Cochrane, las fases de la guía PRISMA y los criterios de la guía MOOSE. La selección de los estudios y la extracción de las variables se realizó por dos investigadores garantizando exhaustividad y reproducibilidad. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica y se realizó metanálisis de medidas indirectas por tipo de población estudiada, metanálisis de efectos aleatorios para diferencia de medias según el sexo y meta-regresión por dimensiones de la escala.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 23 estudios con 6.382 individuos. La menor autodestructividad se halló en población sana y con psoriasis, la mayor en drogadicción, seguido de intento suicida, delincuencia, ansiedad o depresión y esquizofrenia. En población sana no se hallaron diferencias según el sexo y en las personas con intento suicida se halló mayor autodestructividad en los hombres en las dimensiones de negligencia personal y social, falta de planificación e impotencia y pasividad frente a los problemas.
Conclusión: La escala CS-DS ha sido aplicada básicamente en Estados Unidos y Polonia, en diferentes poblaciones de personas sanas y enfermas. CS-DS demuestra capacidad discriminante para perfilar la autodestructividad en diferentes poblaciones, principalmente con afectaciones mentales, al tiempo que sus dimensiones presentan un perfil diferencial por sexo.
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