This is an outdated version published on 2019-11-12. Read the most recent version.
What happens to us when we are victims of crime? Psychological consequences and perception
Keywords:
Criminalidad, Victimización, Percepción, Consecuencias Psicológicas, América Latina.Abstract
Results from an investigation regarding the psychological consequences of suffering criminal victimization and its subsequent perception about crime are presented. In-depth interviews were applied to six people from Costa Rica, both women and men who were victims of crimes against private property during the last year. A descriptive and qualitative design was used to create categories based on the opinions from the interviewees, which were analyzed by means of the critical analysis of discourse. Among the main results, immediate consequences such as frustration, fear, impotence and panic were underlined, and subsequent consequences such as a sensation of constant alert, a change in the notion of the possibility of becoming a victim, and hopelessness concerning solutions to the problem of criminality. The necessity to implement psychosocial strategies to reduce fear of crime and psychological discomfort caused by crime in Latin America is discussed.
References
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;" align="center"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Referencias</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Allen, W. (2013). Self-protection against crime victimization:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Theory and evidence from university campuses. <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">International Review of Law and Economics, 34</em>(2013), 21–33. doi:10.1016/j.irle.2012.11.002</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Andresen, M. (2012). Unemployment and crime: A neighborhood level panel data approach. <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Social Science Research</em>, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">41</em>(6), 1615–1628. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.07.003</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Berens, S., y Dallendörfer, M. (2019). Apathy or anger? How crime experience affects individual vote intention in Latin America and the Caribbean. </span><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: ES;" lang="ES">Political Studies, 67</span></em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: ES;" lang="ES">(4), 1010-1033. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="ES-CR">doi: 10.1177/0032321718819106</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: ES;" lang="ES"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: ES;" lang="ES">Bergan, M., & Kessler, G. (2008). </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="ES-CR">Vulnerabilidad al delito y sentimiento de inseguridad en Buenos Aires: Determinantes y Consecuentes. </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: ES;" lang="ES">Desarrollo Económico</span></em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: ES;" lang="ES">, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">48</em>(190), 209-234. Recuperado de http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsocp/v19n40/07.pdf</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Blanco, L. (2013). The impact of crime on trust in institutions in Mexico. <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">European Journal of Political Economy</em>, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">32</em>, 38–55. doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2013.06.004</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Braakmann, N. (2012). How do individuals deal with victimization and victimization risk? Longitudinal evidence from Mexico. <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization</em>, 84(1) 335– 344. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2012.04.001</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: ES;" lang="ES">Cruz, J. M., & Santacruz, M. (2005). </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="ES-CR">La victimización y la percepción de seguridad en El Salvador en 2004</span></em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="ES-CR">. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">San Salvador: Talleres Gráficos UCA.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Elklit, A. (2002). Acute Stress Disorder in Victims of Robbery and Victims of Assault. <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of Interpersonal Violence,</em> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">17</em>(8), 872-887. doi: 10.1177/0886260502017008005</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">García-Sánchez, E., Willis, G., Rodríguez-Bailón, R., García-Castro, J,D., Palacio-Sañudo, J., Polo, J., y Rentería-Pérez, E. (2018), Perceptions of Economic Inequality in Colombian Daily Life: more than unequal distribution of economic resources. <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Frontiers in Psychology, 9,</em> 1660. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01660">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01660</a> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Gómez, M., y Jang, H. (2019). </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="ES-CR">Confianza, victimización y desorden en la perceptión de inseguridad en una población mexicana. <em>Psicumex, 9</em>(1), 1-17. Recuperado de https://psicumex.unison.mx/index.php/psicumex/article/view/304/265</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="ES-CR">Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (2011). <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Encuesta Nacional de Victimización y Percepción sobre Seguridad Pública</em>. Recuperado de http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/metodologias/envipe/marco_conceptual_envipe.pdf</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="ES-CR">Liebnitzky, J., y Montero, M. (2013). Miedo al crimen en estudiantes de la ciudad de Caracas. <em>Psicología y Sociedad, 25</em>(1), 152-162. Recuperado de: </span><span lang="ES-CR"><a href="http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=309326455017"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=309326455017</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="ES-CR"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="ES-CR">Muratori, M., y Zubieta, E. (2013). Miedo al delito y victimización como factores influyentes en la percepción del contexto social y clima emocional. <em>Boletín de Psicología</em>, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">9</em>, 7-18. Recuperado de: </span><span lang="ES-CR"><a href="http://www.uv.es/seoane/boletin/previos/N109-1.pdf"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.uv.es/seoane/boletin/previos/N109-1.pdf</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="ES-CR"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="ES-CR">Observatorio de Seguridad Ciudadana (2013). <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Percepción de Inseguridad y Victimización por Crimen en El Salvador 2012</em>. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">El Salvador: Talleres Gráficos UCA. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Parker, I. (2005). <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Qualitative Psychology: Introducing Radical Research.</em> Buckingham: Open University Press.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="ES-CR">Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, PNUD. (2013). <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Informe Regional de Desarrollo Humano 2013-2014</em>. Nueva York: PNUD.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="ES-CR">Restrepo, E., y Moreno, A. (2007). Bogotá: ¿más crimen?, ¿más miedo? <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Desarrollo y Sociedad</em>, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">59</em>, 165-214. Recuperado de: </span><span lang="ES-CR"><a href="http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=169113811006"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=169113811006</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="ES-CR"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="ES-CR">Rico, J. M. (2006). <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(In) seguridad ciudadana en Costa Rica</em>. San José: Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Humano.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Rühs, F., Greve, W., y Kappes, C. (2017). Coping with criminal victimization and fear of crime: The protective role of accommodative self-regulation. <em>Legal and Criminological Psychology, 22</em>, 359-377. doi:10.1111/lcrp.12106</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Ruíz, J., y Turcios, A. (2009). </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="ES-CR">Percepción de seguridad, victimización y cultura ciudadana: sus relaciones en cinco contextos iberoamericanos. <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pensamiento Psicológico, 6</em>(13), 193-202. Recuperado de: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=80112469013</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="ES-CR">Sandoval, S. (2009). Patrones de victimización y criminalidad en la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara. </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">EconoQuantum</span></em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">9</em>(1), 203-225. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1250/125024587013.pdf">https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1250/125024587013.pdf</a> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Shippee, N. (2012). Victimization, fear of crime, and perceived risk: Testing a vulnerability model of personal control. </span><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: ES;" lang="ES">Sociological Perspectives, 55</span></em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: ES;" lang="ES">(1), 117-140. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="ES-CR">doi: 10.1525/sop.2012.55.1.117.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: ES;" lang="ES"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="ES-CR">Uribe, E., y Romero, J. (2008). Vulnerabilidad y victimización en el Estado mexicano. <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Espiral</em>, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">9</em>(42), 75-95. Recuperado de <a href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/espiral/v14n42/v14n42a3.pdf">http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/espiral/v14n42/v14n42a3.pdf</a> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.4pt; line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="ES-CR">Vozmediano, L., Vergara, A., y San Juan, C. (2010). El estudio científico del miedo al delito:algunas reflexiones sobre un fenómeno urbano, mediático y político. <em>International e-Journal of Criminal Science, 2</em>(4), 1-20. Recuperado de </span><span lang="ES-CR"><a href="http://www.ehu.es/ojs/index.php/inecs/article/view/924/678"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.ehu.es/ojs/index.php/inecs/article/view/924/678</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="ES-CR"></span></p>
Downloads
Published
2019-11-12
Versions
- 2023-05-17 (2)
- 2019-11-12 (1)
Issue
Section
Artículos
License
The Editor and/or publisher submitting the current journal information, or article, hereby confirms: 1) the author’s participation in the work; 2) the author’s approval to be referred to as the author; and 3) the author’s acceptance to all the conditions included in the Copyright Assignment provision herein included. The author (hereinafter referred to as Assignor) hereby irrevocably transfers and assigns, at no cost, to the Revista Psicología del Caribe of the Psychology School at Universidad del Norte - ISSN: 2011-7485 - (hereinafter referred to as Assignee) all rights, titles and interests, including all copyrights in Colombia and throughout the World, related to the submitted article.
The Assignor acknowledges that he/she is the owner/creator and the article is original. The Assignor declares that the article had not, is not, or will not be submitted elsewhere for print or electronic publication. In such an event, the Editor of the Revista Psicología del Caribe should be notified, in writing, and his/her response is required prior to evaluating the submitted article. The Assignor swears there is no impediment that prevents this Copyright Assignment. The Assignor consents that he/she may be held accountable for any copyright violations, plagiarism, or any other claim that may surge.
In consideration of this provision, the Assignee is authorized to copy, reprint, distribute, publish, and commercialize the submitted article through electronic, digital, of paper means. However, the Assignee is obligated to comply with the moral rights of the author, as established in the Act 23 of 1982, art. 30.
All articles published in Psicología desde el Caribe and its contents are under Creative Commons license CC BY. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
