Teoría de la mente y funcionamiento ejecutivo en niños
Mapeo científico y tendencias de investigación mediante el análisis de redes de citaciones
Resumen
Numerosos estudios han analizado la Teoría de la Mente (ToM) y el Funcionamiento Ejecutivo (FE) en población infantil. Sin embargo, los hallazgos respecto al desarrollo y relación entre ToM y FE en niños no son concluyentes al considerar las variaciones en el neurodesarrollo típico y alterado. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la producción científica y evidencia empírica sobre la relación entre el desempeño en ToM y FE en niños y su incidencia en el desarrollo neurotípico, el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad y el trastorno del espectro autista. Se trató de un estudio bibliométrico basado en la teoría de grafos. La búsqueda documental se hizo en la Web of Science y se utilizó bibliometrix, Sci2 Tool y Gephi para los distintos análisis. Los hallazgos indican que niños con TDAH presentan un menor desempeño en tareas de control inhibitorio en comparación con niños con desarrollo típico. Así mismo, se reportó que la memoria de trabajo y el control inhibitorio predicen el rendimiento de niños con TDAH, TEA y DT en tareas de falsas creencias. Sin embargo, los niños con TEA presentan un déficit en el rendimiento de tareas de ToM en comparación con los demás grupos. Finalmente, se halló que la FE se correlaciona directamente con la ToM en niños con desarrollo típico de distintas características sociales (e.g bajo nivel socioeconómico). Esto hallazgos son relevantes porque ayudan a comprender mejor los mecanismos cognitivo-sociales y neuropsicológicos vinculados al neurodesarrollo infantil.
Citas
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Nota: Las referencias precedidas por un asterisco (*) son los estudios utilizados para la revisión sistemática y la tabla 5 de síntesis de estudios.
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El usuario que realiza el envío del presente artículo certifica que todos los autores del artículo enviado participaron en la elaboración del mismo, igualmente conocen que han sido incluidos como autores del mismo, aprueban su aparición como autores del artículo y se acogen a todas las condiciones incluidas en esta cesión de derechos. El grupo de coautores del documento serán considerados CEDENTES en este documento. Los cedentes manifiestan que ceden a título gratuito la totalidad de los derechos patrimoniales de autor derivados de dicho artículo, a favor de la Revista Psicología desde el Caribe, del programa de Psicología de la Universidad del Norte, ISSN: 2011-7485.Igualmente, los cedentes declaran que el artículo es original, que es de su creación exclusiva y que no ha sido ni será presentado con anterioridad, posterioridad o simultáneamente a otra publicación distinta a Psicología desde el Caribe sin que medie respuesta previa y por escrito del Editor de Psicología desde el Caribe sobre la evaluación del artículo mencionado anteriormente, por lo que los cedentes declaran que no existe impedimento de ninguna naturaleza para la presente cesión de derechos. Los cedentes además se declaran como únicos responsables por cualquier acción de reivindicación, plagio u otra clase de reclamación que al respecto pudiera sobrevenir.
En virtud de la presente cesión, el CESIONARIO queda autorizado para copiar, reproducir, distribuir, publicar, comercializar el artículo objeto de la cesión, por cualquier medio digital, electrónico o reprográfico, conservando la obligación de respetar en todo caso los derechos morales del autor, contenidos en el artículo 30 de la Ley 23 de 1982.
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