Butirilcholinesterase Deficiency: A Narrative Review of Literature

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14482/sun.37.3.616.831

Keywords:

Deficiency, Butyrylcholinesterase, Succinylcholine, Enzymes

Abstract

Butyrylcholinesterase is an enzyme that metabolizes depolarizing neuromuscular relaxants, such as succinylcholine, a chosen medication for procedures that require short-term
muscular paralysis, to facilitate endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing emergency procedures, for example. Butyrylcholinesterase deficiency can be defined as a quantitative reduction of the enzyme and its activity to hydrolyze molecules, becoming the main cause of prolonged neuromuscular blockade after the administration of neuromuscular relaxants such as succinylcholine. It is a pathological condition that can be of either hereditary or acquired
origin; being more common the enzymatic deficiency of genetic origin and of autosomal recessive character, occurring in approximately one in 3,200 to 5,000 people worldwide.
Its clinical manifestation is characterized by persistent muscle relaxation which can lead to acute respiratory failure. The diagnosis must be oriented to the identification of its
clinical characteristics, serological quantification, and neuromuscular monitoring. Because a cure does not exist for this deficiency, management should be directed to mechanical ventilation of the patient, until the used drug is fully metabolized. This article aims to review the state of the art, describing its epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and updates in its diagnosis and treatment.

Author Biographies

  • Leonel Santiago Vega Useche, Grupo de investigación ACEMED-UPTC. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia - UPTC. Tunja, Colombia.

    Médico, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. Especialista en Epidemiología,
    Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga. Residente de anestesia y medicina
    perioperatoria, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas. Grupo de investigación
    ACEMED-UPTC. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC). Tunja
    (Colombia).

  • Carlos Andrés Gualdrón Frías, Grupo de investigación ACEMED-UPTC. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia - UPTC. Tunja, Colombia.

    Médico, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. Residente de primer
    año de Medicina Familiar, Universidad del Valle. Grupo de investigación ACEMED-
    UPTC. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC). Tunja
    (Colombia).

  • Laura Tatiana Calderón Nossa, Grupo de investigación ACEMED-UPTC. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia - UPTC. Tunja, Colombia.

    Estudiante sexto año de medicina, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia.
    Grupo de investigación ACEMED-UPTC. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica
    de Colombia (UPTC). Tunja (Colombia).

  • Lady Ximena Larrotta Salamanca, Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica de Boyacá (GRECO). Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia - UPTC. Tunja, Colombia.

    Estudiante sexto año de medicina, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación
    en Epidemiología Clínica de Boyacá (GRECO). Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de
    Colombia (UPTC). Tunja

  • Elkin Duván Rueda Marín, Grupo de Estudios en Genética y Biología Molecular (GEBIMOL). Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia - UPTC. Tunja, Colombia.

    Médico, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. Grupo de Estudios en Genética y Biología
    Molecular (GEBIMOL). Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC).

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Published

2022-01-19

Issue

Section

NARRATIVE REVIEW

How to Cite

Butirilcholinesterase Deficiency: A Narrative Review of Literature. (2022). SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL SALUD UNINORTE, 37(3), 740-756. https://doi.org/10.14482/sun.37.3.616.831

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