¿Ajeno Siempre Será (Foreigners Forever)?:The Spectacle of (Un)Making Dominican/Haitian Identity

Autores/as

  • Yadira Pérez Hazel City University of New York Borough of Manhattan Community Collegr, Center for Ethnic Studies, Faculty Member

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14482/memor.28.8100

Palabras clave:

Identidad Dominicana, Racismo, Reforma Constitucional, Anti-Haitianismo, Derechos Humanos, Espectáculo, Inmigrantes Japoneses

Resumen

Este artículo examina los desarrollos políticos que llevaron a la decisión de la corte constitucional el 23 de septiembre del 2013, en la República Dominicana, que cambió la política de ciudadanía del país y la aplicó retroactivamente al 1929, citando la cláusula “en tránsito” en su constitución 1929. Examino esta controversial acción internacional de redefinir la cláusula “en tránsito” como un espectáculo que rehace varias experiencias vividas en meras representaciones de una visión elitista de la Dominicanidad, y por lo tanto un poderoso vehículo para aislar y consolidar poder. A través de examinar estas acciones legislativas como un espectáculo, una muestra pública de poder de reescribir la ley en el presente y concretar la imagen de los haitianos como esencialmente como no dominicanos. fraudulentos y amanezadores, la ciudadanía dominicana se separa de las experiencias vividas y las realidades políticas y culturales previas, por lo que la dominicanidad se convierte en un cliché y objeto de contemplación infinita. Las funciones del espectáculo, principalmente, es atraer el escenario de defensores internacionales de los derechos humanos a los que el gobierno etiqueta de intervencionistas y violadores de la soberanía. Es con este discurso neocolonialista que el gobierno dominicano consolida las disidentes opiniones nacionales alrededor de la reforma.

Citas

Augelli, John P. "Agricultural Colonization in the Dominican Republic. Economic Geography 38 (1): 15-27. 1962. DOI: 10.2307/142322.

Bauman, Zygmunt. Modernity and Ambivalence. John Wiley & Sons. 2013.

Candelario, Ginetta. E. B. Black Behind The Ear: Dominican Racial Identity from Museums to Beauty Shops. Duke University Press, Durham. 2007.

Colas, Joe. "Haitian, Dominican Republic entrepreneurs agree that trade bans damage business environment." Caribbean News. 9 October. 2013. Retrieved from http://www.caribbeannewsnow.com/topstory-Haitian,-Dominican-Republic-entrepreneurs-agree-that-trade-bans-damage-business-environment-18051.html.

Debourd, Guy. The Society of the Spectacle. Buchet-Chastel Paris.1967.

Derby, Lauren. "Haitians, Magic, and Money: Raza and Society in the Haitian-Dominican Borderlands, 1900 to 1937." Comparative Studies in Society and History 36 (3): 488-526.1994.

Dilcia Yean and Violeta Bosico v. Dominican Republic, Judgment of September 8, 2005, Inter-American Commission Court. H.R. (Ser. C). 2005.

Endoh, Toake. Exporting Japan: Politics of Emigration to Latin America. University of Illinois Press. 2009.

Gardner, Clinton Harvey. La politica de inmigracion del dictador Trujillo: estudio sobre la creacion de una imagen humanitaria. Publicaciones de la Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena. 1979.

Giddens, Anthony. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. John Wiley & Sons. 2013.

Gomez P., Rhadames V. "Llega El Dia 2 Nuevo Grupo De Inmigrantes De Japon". El Caribe:1 Print. 1956.

Gregory. Steven. The Devil Behind the Mirror. University of California Press, Berkeley. 2007.

Hall, Michael. Sugar and Power in the Dominican Republic: Eisenhower, Kennedy and the Trujillos. Greenwood Press,Westport. 2000.

Hazel, Yadira Perez. "Whiteness in Paradise: Japanese Immigrant Narratives of Identity, Collective Action, and Japan's National Responsibility. Asian Ethnicity: 1-21. 2015.

Hazel, Yadira Perez. "Sensing Difference: Whiteness, National Identity and Belonging in the Dominican Republic. Transforming Anthropology 22 (2): 63-76. 2014. DOI: 10.1111/traa.12033.

Hoffnung-Garskof, Jesse. A Tale of Two Cities: Santo Domingo and New York after 1950. Princeton University Press. 2008.

Horst, Oscar H., and Katsuhiro Asagiri. "The Odyssey of Japanese Colonists in the Dominican Republic." Geographical Review 90 (3): 335-58. 2000. DOI: 10.2307/3250857.

Howard, David. Coloring the Nation: Race and Ethnicity in the Dominican Republic. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder. 2001.

Hu-Dehart, Evelyn and Katheen Lopez. "Asian Diasporas in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Historical Overview." Afro-Asia 27 (1): 9-21. 2008.

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Dominican Republic. 31 December. 2015. Retrieved from http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/DominicanRepublic-2015.pdf.

Levitt, Peggy. The Transnational Villagers. University of California Press, Berkeley. 2001.

Lundahl, Mats. The Haitian Economy : Man, Land, and Markets. St. Martin's Press, New York. 1983.

Mallen, Patricia R.. "Chicken War and Flu put Dominican Republic and Haiti at Odds." International Business Times. 2013. Retrieved from http://www.ibtimes.com/chicken-war-flu-put-dominican-republic-haiti-odds-1314645.

Mayes, April J.. The Mulatto Republic: Class, Race, and Dominican National Identity. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 2004.

MultimediaVTV. Intervencion presidente de Republica Dominicana Danilo Medina, durante II Cumbre Celac. 29 January. 2014. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch7v-cw0lpRsSyA.

Paulino, Edward. Dividing Hispaniola: The Dominican Republic's Border Campaign against Haiti, 1930-1961. University of Pittsburgh Press. 2016.

Peguero, Valentina. Colonizacion y Politica: Los Japoneses y otros immigrantes en la Republica Dominicana. Banco de Reservas, Alfa y Omega, Santo Domingo. 2005.

Pineyro, Bonaparte Gautreau. Quienes somos? Que es ser dominicano? (Who are we? What does it mean to be Dominican?). Hoy Digital. Retrieved from http://hoy.com.do/quienes-somos-que-es-ser-dominicano/.

Planas, Roque. Dominican Consulate Lashes Out At Junot Diaz Over Support For Haitian-Descended Dominicans: The writer opposes the Dominican Republic's efforts to revoke the citizenship of Haitian-descended Dominicans. Huffington Post. 2015.. 23 October, 2015. Retrieved http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/dominican-republican-junot-diaz_562aa35fe4b0443bb56416f5]. Revista Agricultura, Enero-Abril 1956, Vol. XL: 210-211. Ano LII.

Roorda, Eric. The dictator next door: The good neighbor policy and the Trujillo regime in the Dominican Republic, 1930-1945. Duke University Press, Durham. 1998.

Schuller, Mark. "Haiti's 200 year Haiti's 200-Year Menage-a-Trois: Globalization, the State, and Civil Society." Caribbean Studies. 35 (1): 141-179. 2007.

Simmons, Kimberly Eison. "Navigating the Racial Terrain: Blackness and Mixedness in the United States and the Dominican Republic." Transforming Anthropology 16 (2): 95-111. 2008.

Simmons, Kimberly Eison. Reconstructing Racial Identity and the African Past in the Dominican Republic. New World Diasporas. Gainesville, FL.: University Press of Florida. 2011.

Torres-Saillant, Silvio. The Tribulations of Blackness: Stages in Dominican Racial Identity. Race and National Identity in the Americas. Latin American Perspectives 25 (3): 126-146. 1988.

Turner, Victor. Liminality and communitas. The ritual process: Structure and anti-structure. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. 1969.

Whitney, Robert. "War and Nation-Building: Cuban and Dominican Republican Experiences." In The Caribbean: A History of the Region and Its People. Stephan Palmie and Francisco A. Scarano (eds). University of Chicago Press, Chicago: 361- 372. 2013.

Publicado

2016-04-20

Número

Sección

Dossier de República Dominicana