Friendship between Nations and the Theory of International Public Goods: A Balancing Act between Minilateralism and Multilateralism

Friendship between Nations and the Theory of International Public Goods: A Balancing Act between Minilateralism and Multilateralism

Authors

Keywords:

Multilateralism, minilateralism, Resolution 2625, fragmentation, liberalization.

Abstract

This investigation has the purpose of showing that given the fragmentation of classic multilateralism in the context of international law of trade and politics, an emerging minilateralism that provides international relations with a new and fair context, is juridically and morally acceptable as long as human dignity be deemed both a value and a source of law. By means of a dogmatic and hermeneutic methodology and once the features of the tension between multilateralism and minilateralism, the arguments defending a good nationalism and the connection of these notions with a study of the theory of public goods in the context of international friendship that states that they are objectively good on the basis of some approaches of a classic (platonic) theory of justice and the use of some tools of law and economics have been presented, it is discovered that States and their representatives continuously engage in calculations in order to obtain and preserve what they consider good and beneficial, and it is concluded that a balance between minilateralism and multilateralism can be achieved as long as human dignity is considered both a source and value of the law.

Author Biography

Andrés Téllez Núñez

Abogado, magíster en Filosofía y doctor en Filosofía de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. LL.M. de la Universidad de Georgetown. Profesor investigador de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.

References

Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio (1947).

https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/gatt47_01_e.htm

Agon, S. (2020). Sustaining Multilateralism from the Bench. Berkeley Journal of International Law, 38, 65-123.

Almqvist, J. (2017). EU and the Recognition of New States. Euborders Working Paper Series, 12, 1-19.

https://www.ibei.org/working-paper-12-euborders_145144.pdf

Barnes, J. (Ed.) (1995). The Complete Works of Aristotle. Princeton University Press.

Bobonich, C. (2002). Plato’s Utopia Recast: His Later Ethics and Politics. Oxford University Press.

Brummer, C. (2014). Minilateralism: How Trade Alliances, Soft Law, and Financial Engineering are Redefining Economic Statecraft. Cambridge University Press.

Carta de las Naciones Unidas (1945).

https://www.un.org/es/about-us/un-charter

Cohen, H. G. (2007). Finding International Law: Rethinking the Doctrine of Sources. Iowa Law Review, 93, 65-129.

Cho, S. (2001). Breaking the Barrier Between Regionalism and Multilateralism: A New Perspective on Trade Regionalism. Harvard International Law Journal, 41, 419-465.

Chow, D., Sheldon, I., & McGuire, W. (2019). The Revival of Economic Nationalism and the Global Trading System. Cardozo Law Review, 40, 2133-2169.

Convención de Viena sobre derecho de los tratados (1969).

https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_1_1969.pdf

Danielsen, D. (2011). Economic Approaches to Global Regulation: Expanding the International Law and Economics Paradigm. Journal of International Business & Law, 10, 23-89.

Damrosch, L., & Murphy, S. D. (2014). International Law Cases and Materials. West Academic Publishing.

Declaración sobre los principios de derecho internacional referentes a las relaciones de amistad y la cooperación entre los Estados de conformidad con la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, Anexo a la Resolución 2625 de la XXV Asamblea General de la Organización de Naciones Unidas, 1970.

https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/25A1C8E35B23161C852570C4006E50AB

Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos (1948).

https://www.un.org/es/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights

Fandl, K. (2021). Is China’s Rise the WTO’s Demise? Georgetown Journal of International Law, 52, 575-637.

García, J., Montes, E., & Giraldo, I. (Eds.) (2019). Comercio exterior en Colombia: política, instituciones, costos y resultados. Banco de la República.

Gingsburg, T. (2020). Authoritarian International Law? American Journal of International Law, 114, 221-260.

Gustafsson, M. (2017). Compliance and Membership Value in International Economic Law. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 48, 1201-1241.

Habermas, J. (2010). El concepto de dignidad humana y la utopía realista de los derechos humanos. Diánoia, 64, 3-25.

Hassanien, M. (2008). Bilateralism and Multilateralism: Can Public International Law Reconcile Between Them? Real Options for Further Developments in WTO Jurisprudence. Asper Review of International Business & Trade Law, 8, 51-85.

Jacobson, A. (1999). The Game of the Laws. Political Theory, 27(6), 769-788.

Kaul, I. (2012). Global Public Goods: Explaining their Underprovision. Journal of International Economic Law, 15(3), 729-750.

https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgs034

Krisch, N. (2014). The Decay of Consent: International Law in an Age of Global Public Goods. American Journal of International Law, 108, 1-40.

Lamp, N. (2016). The Club Approach to Multilateral Trade Lawmaking. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 49, 107-189.

Lawrence, P. (2019). Equity and the Paris Agreement: Legal and Philosophical Perspectives. Journal of Environmental Law, 31(3), 511-531.

Lehmann, M. (2017). Legal Fragmentation, Extraterritoriality and Uncertainty in Global Financial Regulation. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 37(2), 406-434.

Lienau, O. (2017). Law in Hiding: Market Principles in the Global Legal Order. Hastings Law Journal, 68, 541-608.

Linderfalk, U. (2020). The Legal Consequences of Jus Cogens and the Individuation of Norms. Leiden Journal of International Law, 33, 893-909.

Longley, R. (2 de enero de 2022). What Is the Democratic Peace Theory? Definition and Examples. ThoughtCo.

https://www.thoughtco.com/democratic-peace-theory-4769410

Martínez, A. (17 de diciembre de 2021). Russia demands Ukraine and other ex-Soviet republics be barred from joining NATO. NPR.

https://www.npr.org/2021/12/17/1065111430/russia-demands-ukraine-and-other-ex-soviet-republics-be-barred-from-joining-nato

Melo, B. (2017). Setting the Rules of the Game: The Rise (and Fall) of Mega-Regional Deep Integration and the Role of the WTO. UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs, 21, 151-203.

Meyer, T. (2015). How Local Discrimination Can Promote Global Public Goods. Boston University Law Review, 95, 1937-2025.

Meyer, T. (2018). Free Trade, Fair Trade, and Selective Enforcement. Columbia Law Review, 118, 491-566.

Naranjo, V. (2014). Teoría constitucional e instituciones políticas. Temis.

O’Connell, M. E. (2021). Measuring the Art of International Law. Chicago Journal of International Law, 22, 136-146.

Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos (1966).

https://www.ohchr.org/es/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights

Pacto Internacional de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales (1966).

https://www.ohchr.org/sp/professionalinterest/pages/cescr.aspx

Palmer, D. (15 de septiembre de 2020). Trump’s tariffs on China violated law, trade body says. Politico.

https://www.politico.com/news/2020/09/15/trumps-tariffs-china-wto-415182

Pemmaraju, S. (2021). Emmanuel Roucounas, A Landscape of Contemporaries Theories of International Law. Chinese Journal of International Law, 20(1), 173-200.

Platón (1999). Las Leyes (J. M. Pabón & M. Fernández, Trans.). Centro de Estudios Constitucionales y Políticos. (Originally published between 360-348/7 B.C.)

Powell, S. J., & Low, T. (2011). Is the WTO Quietly Fading Away? The New Regionalism and Global Trade Rules. Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy, 9, 261-282.

Puig, S. (2014). International Regime Complexity and Economic Law Enforcement. Journal of International Economic Law, 17(3), 491-516.

Puig, S. (2015). The Merging of International Trade and Investment Law. Berkeley Journal of International Law, 33, 1-45.

Purshouse, L. (2006). Plato’s Republic. Continuum.

Rosen, S. (2005). Plato’s Republic. Yale University Press.

Roth, B. (2021). Legitimacy in the International Order: The Continuing Relevance of Sovereign States. Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law, 11, 60-89.

Shaffer, G. (2019). Retooling Trade Agreements for Social Inclusion. University of Illinois Law Review, 2019, 1-42.

Shao, X. (2021). What We Talk about When We Talk about General Principles of Law. Chinese Journal of International Law, 20(2), 219-255.

Stalley, R. F. (1983). Plato’s Laws. Hackett.

Stemler, A., Shackelford, S., & Richards, E. (2017). Paris, Panels, and Protectionism: Matching US Rhetoric with Reality to Save the Planet. Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law, 19, 545-600.

Téllez, A. (2020). Tratados internacionales, interpretación y búsqueda de significados: un enfoque complementario. Revista de derecho Universidad del Norte, 54, 201-221.

https://bit.ly/3H8OnAi

Téllez, A. (2022). Comercio internacional y justicia como sinónimos de bienestar. La búsqueda de un término medio entre el multilateralismo y el minilateralismo. Estudios de Derecho (Universidad de Antioquia), 79(173), 84-109.

The World Bank (2019). Gini index (World Bank Estimate). The World Bank/Data.

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI

Trachtman, J. (2008). The Economic Structure of International Law. Harvard University Press.

Trebilcock, M., & Trachtman, J. (2020). Advanced Introduction to International Trade Law. Elgar.

Wheatley, S. (2020). Foreign Interference in Elections under the Non-Intervention Principle: We Need to Talk About “Coercion”. Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law, 31, 161-197.

Williams, N. (2019). The Resilience of Protectionism in U.S. Trade Policy. Boston University Law Review, 99, 683-719.

Yusuf, A. (2020). Engaging with International Law. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 69(3), 505-519.

Published

2024-04-20

Issue

Section

Research Articles