Repercusión del contexto laboral y el liderazgo del director sobre el estrés en los docentes

Autores/as

  • William Caetano Ferreira Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) (Brazil)
  • Esthela Sá Cunha Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) (Brazil)
  • Quitéria Alves Melo Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) (Brazil)
  • Lorena Aélio de Melo Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) (Brazil)
  • Antônia Beatriz Torres Viana Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) (Brazil)
  • Alex Sandro de Moura Grangeiro Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) (Brazil)
  • Renata Guimarães de Carvalho Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) (Brazil)
  • Francisco Pablo Huascar Aragão Pinheiro Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) (Brazil)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14482/psdc.43.1.417.586

Palabras clave:

salud mental, trabajo docente, condiciones de trabajo, organización del trabajo, liderazgo

Resumen

El estrés está asociado con un aumento en los índices de ausentismo y una baja productividad entre los profesores. En este grupo profesional, estudios han mostrado una prevalencia de estrés que varía entre el 6,6 y el 86 %. Ante esto, esta investigación se propuso investigar la influencia del contexto laboral y los estilos de liderazgo de los directores escolares en los niveles de estrés de los docentes de la educación básica en Brasil. Participaron en esta investigación 1820 profesores de todas las regiones de Brasil. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron la Escala de Ansiedad, Depresión y Estrés, la Escala de Heteroevaluación de los Estilos de Liderazgo de los Directores Escolares y la Escala de Evaluación del Contexto Laboral Docente. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un cuestionario autoaplicado. Se realizó una regresión lineal múltiple utilizando los programas R y RStudio. En la muestra, el 30,4 % de los docentes manifestaron algún nivel de estrés. Los predictores que mostraron asociaciones más claras con el estrés fueron edad, organización del trabajo y relaciones socioprofesionales. 

Referencias

Antoniou, A.-S., Polychroni, F., & Vlachakis, A.-N. (2006). Gender and age differences in occupational stress and professional burnout between primary and high-school teachers in Greece. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 682-690. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610690213

Biernat, E., Piątkowska, M., & Rozpara, M. (2022). Is the prevalence of low physical activity among teachers associated with depression, anxiety, and stress? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 8868. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148868

Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. (1989). O grid gerencial III: A chave para a liderança eficaz. Livraria Pioneira Editora.

Bottiani, J. H., Duran, C. A. K., Pas, E. T., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2019). Teacher stress and burnout in urban middle schools: Associations with job demands, resources, and effective classroom practices. Journal of School Psychology, 77, 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2019.10.002

Conceição, J. B. da., Bellinati, N. V. da C., & Agostinetto, L. (2019). Percepção de estresse fisiológico em professores da rede pública de educação municipal [Physiological stress perception in teachers of public network of municipal education]. Psicologia, Saúde & Doenças, 20(2), 452-462. https://doi.org/10.15309/19psd200214

Cunha, E. S., Pinheiro, F. P. H. A., Melo, L. A., & Melo, Q. A. (2023). Escala de Avaliação do Contexto de Trabalho Docente: Construção e Validação [Teaching Work Context Assessment Scale: Construction and Validity]. [Manuscript submitted for publication]. Universidade Federal do Ceará.

Deffaveri, M., Méa, C. P. D., & Ferreira, V. R. T. (2020). Sintomas de ansiedade e estresse em professores de educação básica [Symptoms of anxiety and stress in elementary school teachers]. Cadernos de Pesquisa, 50(177), 813-827. https://doi.org/10.1590/198053146952

Desouky, D., & Allam, H. (2017). Occupational stress, anxiety and depression among egyptian teachers. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 7(3), 191-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2017.06.002

Freitas, R. F., Ramos, D. S., Freitas, T. F., Souza, G. R. de ., Pereira, É. J., & Lessa, A. do C. (2021). Prevalência e fatores associados aos sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em professores universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19 [Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among professors during COVID-19 pandemic]. Jornal Brasileiro De Psiquiatria, 70(4), 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000348

Garcés, D. E., Telles, F. S., Romero, M. A. R., & Orozco, C. S. (2019). Efecto modulador del liderazgo transformacional en el estrés laboral y la efectividad escolar percibida por trabajadores de educación básica de Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco [Modulating effect of transformational leadership on work-stress and school effectiveness perceived by basic education workers in Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco]. RIDE. Revista Iberoamericana Para La Investigación Y El Desarrollo Educativo, 9(18), 845-867. https://doi.org/10.23913/ride.v9i18.477

Garcia, M. M. A., & Anadon, S. B. (2009). Reforma educacional, intensificação e autointensificação do trabalho docente [Educational reform, intensification of teacher's work and self-exploitation]. Educação & Sociedade [online], 30(106), 63–85, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-73302009000100004

Garnique-Hinostroza, R., Ramírez, D., Díaz, M., Turpo, J. A., Alvarado-Carbonel, M., Cjuno, J., & Hernández, R. M. (2022). Work environment, depression, anxiety and stress in teachers of the Peruvian jungle in the Covid-19 context. Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacologia y Terapéutica, 41(5), 380-384. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7135654

Gawrych, M., Cichoń, E., & Hintze, B. (2022). Predictors of teachers’ mental health–implications for practice. Advances in Psychiatry and Neurology, 31(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2022.115238

Ghasemi, F. (2022). (Dys)functional cognitive-behavioral coping strategies of teachers to cope with stress, anxiety, and depression. Deviant Behavior, 43(12), 1558-1571. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2021.2012729

Ghasemi, F., Herman, K. C., & Reinke, W. M. (2023). Shifts in stressors, internalizing symptoms, and coping mechanisms of teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. School Mental Health, 15(1), 272–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-022-09549-8

Hadi, A. A., Naing, N. N., Daud, A., Nordin, R., & Sulong, M. R. (2009). Prevalence and factors associated with stress among secondary school teachers in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 40(6), 1359-1370. https://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/2009-40-6/26-4037.pdf

Herman, K. C., Sebastian, J., Eddy, C. L., & Reinke, W. M. (2023). School leadership, climate, and professional isolation as predictors of special education teachers’ stress and coping profiles. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 31(2), 120-131. https://doi.org/10.1177/10634266221148974

Hossain, M. T., Islam, M. A., Jahan, N., Nahar, M. T., Sarker, M. J. A., Rahman, M. M., Deeba, F., Hoque, K. E., Aktar, R., Islam, M. M., Hossain, M. Z., Siddiqua, L., Mahbub, Z., & Islam, M. N. (2022). Mental health status of teachers during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based study in bangladesh. Front. Psychiatry, 13, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.938230

Keim, R., Pfitscher, G., Leitner, S., Burger, K., Giacomoni, F., & Wiedermann, C. J. (2022). Teachers’ emotional well-being during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with long school closures: A large-scale cross-sectional survey in Northern Italy. Public Health, 208, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2022.04.006

Kovac, F., Memisevic, H., & Svraka, E. (2021). Mental health of teachers in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the time of COVID-19 pandemics. Mater Sociomed, 33(4), 257-261. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2021.33.257-261

Lacomba‐Trejo, L., Schoeps, K., Valero‐Moreno, S., Del Rosario, C., & Montoya‐Castilla, I. (2022). Teachers' response to stress, anxiety and depression during COVID‐19 lockdown: What have we learned from the pandemic?. Journal of School Health, 92(9), 864-872. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.13192

Liu, H., Luo, L., & Tang, W. (2021). Kindergarten teachers’ experiences of stress under a high-stake inspection regime: An exploration in the Chinese context. International Journal of Educational Research, 109, 101850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101850

Lizana, P. A., & Lera, L. (2022). Depression, anxiety, and stress among teachers during the second COVID-19 wave. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10), 5968. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105968

Lourenço, V. P., Pérez-Nebra, A. R., Ferreira, A. I., & Kohlsdorf, M. (2020). Relação entre presenteísmo, síndrome de burnout e liderança ética em organizações escolares [The relation between presenteism, burnout syndrome and ethic leadership in scholar’s organizations]. Fractal: Revista De Psicologia, 32(esp), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.22409/1984-0292/v32_i-esp/40568

Mahan, P. L., Mahan, M. P., Park, N.-J., Shelton, C., Brown, K. C., & Weaver, M. T. (2010). Work environment stressors, social support, anxiety, and depression among secondary school teachers. AAOHN Journal, 58(5), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1177/216507991005800504

Melo, Q. A., Pinheiro, F. P. H. A., Cunha, E. S., & Melo, L. A. (2023). Construção e evidências de validação da escala de heteroavaliação dos estilos de liderança do diretor escolar [Construction and validation evidence of the hetero-assessment scale of school principal leadership styles]. [Manuscript submitted for publication]. Universidade Federal do Ceará.

Mendes, A.M., & Ferreira, M. C. (2008). Contexto de trabalho. Em M. M. M. Siqueira. (Org). Medidas do comportamento organizacional: Ferramentas de diagnóstico e de gestão. Porto Alegre: Artmed.

Mérida-López, S., Extremera, N., & Rey, L. (2017). Emotion-regulation ability, role stress and teachers’ mental health. Occupational Medicine, 67(7), 540–545, https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx125

Mourão, L., Faiad, C., & Coelho Junior, F. A. (2016). Análise psicométrica da escala de heteroavaliação de estilos de liderança [Psychometric Analysis of the Leadership Styles Hetero-assessment Scale]. Estudos de Psicologia (Natal), 21(3), 293–304. https://doi.org/10.5935/1678-4669.20160028

Oliveira, A. C. P. de., & Waldhelm, A. P. S. (2016). Liderança do diretor, clima escolar e desempenho dos alunos: Qual a relação?[Principal’s leadership, school climate and student achievement: what is the relationship?]. Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação [online], 24(93), 824-844. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-40362016000400003

Oliveira, D. A. (2010). Os trabalhadores da educação e a construção política da profissão docente no Brasil [Workers in education and political construction of the teaching profession in Brazil]. Educar Em Revista, 1, 17–35. https://www.scielo.br/j/er/a/8KJhphGKx8FRDKFHWkN6Yhs/#

Oliveira, M. das G. M. de ., & Cardoso, C. L. (2011). Stress e trabalho docente na área de saúde [Stress and university teaching in the health sector]. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) [online], 28(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-166X2011000200001

Othman, Z., & Sivasubramaniam, V. (2019). Depression, anxiety, and stress among secondary school teachers in Klang, Malaysia. International Medical Journal, 26(2), 71-74. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/227272881.pdf

Ouellette, R. R., Frazier, S. L., Shernoff, E. S., Cappella, E., Mehta, T. G., Maríñez-Lora, A., Cua, G., & Atkins, M. S. (2018). Teacher job stress and satisfaction in urban schools: Disentangling individual, classroom, and organizational-level influences. Behavior Therapy, 49(4), 494-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2017.11.011

Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Santxo, N. B., Mondragon, N. I., & Santamaría, M. D. (2021). The psychological state of teachers during the COVID-19 crisis: The challenge of returning to face-to-face teaching. Front. Psychol., 11, 620718. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.620718

Pessanha, F. N. de L., & Trindade, R. A. C. (2022). La pandemia de Covid-19 y el precario desarrollo del trabajo docente en Brasil [The pandemic of Covid-19 and the precariousness of teaching work in Brazil]. Actualidades Investigativas en Educación, 22(2), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.15517/aie.v22i2.48916

Raposo, M. C. F., Cordeiro, G. M., & Farias, M. L. da S. (2022). Como evoluíram os níveis de estresse e ansiedade em docentes e discentes universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19? Um estudo transversal repetido [ How did stress and anxiety levels evolve in university professors and students during the COVID-19 pandemic? A repeated cross-sectional study]. Brazilian Journal of Development, 8(5), 36122-36131. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n5-2232

Ravalier, J. M., & Walsh, J. (2018). Working conditions and stress in the English education system. Occupational Medicine, 68(2), 129–134, https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqy017

Santos, J. da. C., & Santos, M. L. da. C. (2005). Descrevendo o estresse [Describing stress]. Revista Principia, 1(12), 51-57. https://periodicos.ifpb.edu.br/index.php/principia/article/viewFile/312/269

Ssenyonga, J., & Hecker, T. (2021). Job perceptions contribute to stress among secondary school teachers in southwestern Uganda. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2315. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052315

Tsubono, K., & Ogawa, M. (2022). The analysis of main stressors among high-stress primary school teachers by job positions: A nationwide survey in Japan. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.990141

Vignola, R. C. B., & Tucci, A. M. (2014). Adaptation and validation of the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS) to Brazilian Portuguese. Journal of affective disorders, 155, 104-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.031

Zhao, W., Liao, X., Li, Q., Jiang, W., & Ding, W. (2021). The relationship between teacher job stress and burnout: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.784243

Descargas

Publicado

2026-08-31

Número

Sección

Artículo Original

Cómo citar

Repercusión del contexto laboral y el liderazgo del director sobre el estrés en los docentes. (2026). Psicología Desde El Caribe, 43(1), 66-85. https://doi.org/10.14482/psdc.43.1.417.586

Artículos similares

41-50 de 335

También puede Iniciar una búsqueda de similitud avanzada para este artículo.