Primary Care Screening Questionnairefor Depression (PQS4D)’s Dimensionality,Internal Consistency, Nomological Network,and Gender Differential Item Functioning

Authors

  • Adalberto Campo-Arias Universidad del Magdalena, Colombia
  • John Carlos Pedrozo-Pupo Universidad del Magdalena, Colombia
  • Carmen Cecilia Caballero-Domínguez Universidad del Magdalena, Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14482/sun.42.02.145.252

Keywords:

PQS4D, factor analysis, internal consistency, nomological network, differential item functioning, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, elderly, validation studies

Abstract

Objective: To test the dimensionality, internal consistency, nomological network, and gender differential
item functioning (Gender-DIF) of the Primary Care Screening Questionnaire for Depression
(PSQ4D) among elderly Colombian patients with COPD.
Material and methods: A psychometric study was conducted involving 349 COPD outpatients.
They were aged between 60 and 98 years (M=75.56, SD=8.41); 61.9% were male, and 80.2% presented
low severity (A or B COPD combined evaluation). The PSQ4D (Spanish version), the Brief
Zung’s Self-rating Depression Scale (BSDS), the Brief Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (BSAS), the
COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and the Frail Non-Disabled [FiND] Screening Tool were completed. Dimensionality
(using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson
coefficient and McDonald’s omega), nomological network (Student’s t-test and Spearman
correlation [rs]), and Gender-DIF (Kendall’s tau b correlation [(t]) were evaluated.
Results: The PSQ4D presented a one-dimensional structure that accounted for 55.78% of the total
variance with adequate goodness-of-fit indicators (normalized chi-square of 2.84, RMSEA of 0.07
[90%CI 0.00-0.15], CFI of 0.99, TLI of 0.96, and SRMR of 0.02), acceptable internal consistency (Kuder-
Richardson coefficient of 0.73 and McDonald’s omega of 0.74), adequate nomological validity
(rs≥ 0.30 with SDS, SAS, CAT and FiND), and non-Gender-DIF (t≤ 0.20).
Conclusions: The PSQ4D’s one-dimensional structure shows acceptable dimensionality, good reliability,
an acceptable nomological network, and no Gender-DIF among Colombian COPD patients.
Consequently, establishing the cutoff point with the best sensitivity and specificity using a clinical
gold standard in this population is necessary.

Author Biographies

  • Adalberto Campo-Arias, Universidad del Magdalena, Colombia

    Associate professor, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta (Colombia). acampoa@unimagdalena.edu.co. https//orcid.org/0000-0003-2201-7404

  • John Carlos Pedrozo-Pupo, Universidad del Magdalena, Colombia

    Associate professor, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta (Colombia). jpedrozo@unimagdalena.edu.co. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5675-7016

  • Carmen Cecilia Caballero-Domínguez, Universidad del Magdalena, Colombia

    Associate professor, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta (Colombia). ccaballero@unimagdalena.edu.co. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3730-2750

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Published

2026-07-09

Issue

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

How to Cite

Primary Care Screening Questionnairefor Depression (PQS4D)’s Dimensionality,Internal Consistency, Nomological Network,and Gender Differential Item Functioning. (2026). SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL SALUD UNINORTE, 42(2), 227-240. https://doi.org/10.14482/sun.42.02.145.252

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